Bacteria and Viruses Section 1 Notes Chapter 6 Bacteria and Viruses Section 1 Notes

Classifying Organisms Why do Scientists Classify? Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that organisms are easier to study.

Taxonomy Scientific study of how living things are classified is called taxonomy.

Early Classification Systems Aristotle- Greek scholar developed the first classification system for organisms. Animals Those that fly Those that swim Those that walk, crawl, or run

Carolus Linnaeus Expanded on Aristotle’s idea of classification. Linnaeus devised a naming system for organisms. In this system Linnaeus gave each organism a two part name called binomial nomenclature.

Binomial Nomenclature First part of the name is the genus. Genus is a classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms. Second part of the name is species. Species is a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring in nature.

Classification Today The theory of evolution changed the way biologists think about classification. Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together

Seven Levels of Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools

Using the Classification System Taxonomic Key- a series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms.

The Six Kingdoms Section 2 Notes

The Six Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals

Archaebacteria Means “ancient bacteria” Autotrophic or heterotrophic They are prokaryotes- No nucleus Halo Bacteria

Eubacteria Unicellular Prokaryotes- No nucleus Autotrophic or heterotrophic E Coli Blue Green Algae

Protists “odds and ends” kingdom Some are autotrophs Some are heterotrophs Most all are unicellular Some are multi-cellular –Seaweed Protists are eukaryotes- Have a Nucleus

Fungi Multi-cellular eukaryotes- Have a Nucleus Few are unicellular- Yeast All fungi are heterotrophs The feed on dead or decaying organisms Examples are (mushrooms, molds, and mildew)

Plants All are multi-cellular eukaryotes Plants are autotrophs Beginning of every food chain starts with a plant. (Producer)

Animals Multi-cellular eukaryotes All animals are heterotrophs

Chapter 6 Section 3 Notes

Bacteria Bacteria are Prokaryotes! What does Prokaryote mean? Prokaryotes are single cell organisms that do not have a nucleus.

Flagellum Flagellum is a long whip like structure that allows the cell to move throughout it’s environment.

Two Kingdoms of Bacteria Archaebacteria Eubacteria

Reproduction of Bacteria Bacteria reproduce by a process known as Binary Fission. Binary Fission is a process in which one cell divides to form two identical cells. Binary Fission is a from of Asexual Reproduction. Asexual Reproduction is a reproductive process that involves only one parent.

Section 4 Notes Viruses

What is a Virus? A virus is a small, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell.

Why are Viruses non-living? Viruses are non-living because they are not cells. Viruses do not use energy to grow or to respond to their surroundings. Viruses also cannot make food, take in food, or produce wastes.

host A host is a living thing that provides a source of energy for a virus or an organism. Organisms that live on or in a host and cause harm to the host are called parasites. Can you name a few parasites?

Shape and Size Viruses very widely in shape and size. Refer to page 206 Viruses are very small when compared to a bacteria cell.

PREVENING INFECTIOUS DISEASES Refer to page 210 Viral Infectious Diseases One tool in preventing Infectious Diseases is vaccines. A vaccine is a substance that stimulates the body to produce chemicals that destroy viruses or bacteria. Vaccine may be made from dead or altered viruses or bacteria. The viruses or bacteria in the vaccine do not cause disease, but instead activate the body’s natural defenses.