*Prohibits interference

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Presentation transcript:

*Prohibits interference Anatomy of a neuron AKA: Terminal Branches *insulates *increases speed *Prohibits interference

How Does a Neuron Fire? *Resting Potential (not firing) until the neuron’s dendrites are stimulated by pressure, extreme temperatures, chemicals (neurotransmitters) *The stimulus causes the sodium channels to open, and sodium ions enter the axon. Potassium ions leave the axon, causing it to become depolarized (positively charged) and action potential occurs in that area

*Almost immediately, sodium ions leave the axon and potassium enters again, and the axon is again polarized (negatively charged) in that area. Resting potential! *Action potential eventually reaches the end of the axon, the terminal buttons at the end of the dendrites temporarily release neurotransmitters into the synapse

*After a neuron has fired and neurotransmitters have been released, the neuron is in a “refractory period” for 1/1,000 of a second – recharging itself so it can fire again.

Step 1: Neuron is not charged (polarized state) Step 2: A stimulus reaches the cell’s dendrites and causes reaction to occur Step 3: At beginning of axon, Na enters & K leaves momentarily, then return to original position (depolarization is occurring…positive charge) Step 4: Movements repeat as the charge travels down the axon and eventually reaches the dendrites Step 5: The positive charge causes the terminal buttons to release neurotransmitters into the synapse.

3 Types of Neurons Types of Neurons Sensory Motor Interneurons Key words: Types of neurons; sensory neurons; motor neurons; interneurons; afferent nerves; efferent nerves

AKA “Glia” which is Greek for glue Glial Cells AKA “Glia” which is Greek for glue *Hold neurons in place *Provide nourishment *Remove Waste *Protect neurons Your brain consists of 60% “white matter” (glial cells) and 40% “grey matter” (neurons).