Marcel Klingenberg, Akiko Matsuda, Sven Diederichs, Tushar Patel

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Non-coding RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma: Mechanisms, biomarkers and therapeutic targets Marcel Klingenberg, Akiko Matsuda, Sven Diederichs, Tushar Patel Journal of Hepatology Volume 67, Issue 3, Pages 603-618 (September 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.04.009 Copyright © 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Journal of Hepatology 2017 67, 603-618DOI: (10. 1016/j. jhep. 2017. 04 Copyright © 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 ncRNA functions. Only 2.0% of the transcriptome encode for proteins. More than 70% of the genome is transcribed to ncRNAs. miRNA, siRNA, piRNA and lncRNA regulate gene expression, small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and small nucleolar (snoRNA) are involved in RNA maturation, and transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal (rRNA) play a role in protein synthesis. Journal of Hepatology 2017 67, 603-618DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2017.04.009) Copyright © 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 LncRNAs function via interaction with DNA, RNA, or protein. (A) HOTAIR acts as a guide for the recruitment of the PRC2 complex to specific genomic loci. (B) HULC could function as a competitive endogenous RNA and sequester miRNAs. (C) TERC is part of the TERT complex and contributes to telomere lengthening. Journal of Hepatology 2017 67, 603-618DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2017.04.009) Copyright © 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 ncRNAs involved in Wnt signaling. ncRNAs are shown as lilac pictographs. Proteins participating in Wnt signaling are depicted as different geometric shapes in either green (activators) or red (inhibitors) shades. CSC, cancer stem cell; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Journal of Hepatology 2017 67, 603-618DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2017.04.009) Copyright © 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 ncRNAs involved in STAT3 signaling. ncRNAs are shown as lilac pictographs. Proteins participating in STAT3 signaling are depicted as different geometric shapes. CSC, cancer stem cell; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Journal of Hepatology 2017 67, 603-618DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2017.04.009) Copyright © 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions