Hydrogen bonds What are they?

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Presentation transcript:

Hydrogen bonds What are they? A special case of permanent dipole-dipole interactions They are stronger than van der Waals forces. Molecules with hydrogen bonds have higher boiling points than molecules that don’t.

Hydrogen bonds What do you need? A hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom … N, O or F. A lone pair of electrons on the electronegative atom. If only one of these conditions is met, you don’t get hydrogen bonding.

Hydrogen bonds Give me an example! methane, CH4 … This does not have any hydrogen bonds. Carbon is not very electronegative, and it has no lone pairs of electrons in methane.

Hydrogen bonds Give me a real example! ammonia, NH3 … This does have hydrogen bonds. Nitrogen is very electronegative, and it has one lone pair of electrons in ammonia.

Hydrogen bonds Give me another example! water, H2O … This has not one, but two hydrogen bonds. Oxygen is very electronegative, and it has two lone pairs of electrons in water.

Hydrogen bonds Remember, you need: A hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom … N, O or F. A lone pair of electrons on the electronegative atom. If only one of these conditions is met, you don’t get hydrogen bonding.