Latin American Nationalism

Agenda Bell Ringer: What are the three major mistakes of Napoleon? Slave Exhibit (for those that submitted permission slips) Lecture: Latin American Nationalist Revolutions. Map of Latin America Explanation Primary Analysis, Simon Bolivar’s document Discussion: Creole vs. Mestizo vs. Peninsulares HW: Read your textbook. Now is the time to begin reviewing Period 1 and 2 so you are familiar with the information when it comes to AP Testing time. Period 5 of AP World has officially started with the French Revolution. Make sure your notes reflect this.

Haiti 500,000 Enslaved Africans They could easily overpower masters, who treated them brutally. 1791, Toussaint L’Ouverture emerges as leader in the Haitian Revolution. French attempt to intervene, and L’Ouverture agrees to stop the revolt if slavery is outlawed. French accuse him of another uprising and he is arrested, dies 10 months later. 1803. Dessalines finishes where Toussaint began, and Haiti is independent in 1804.

Colonial Society in Latin America Peninsulares Men born in Spain, able to hold high offices. Creoles Spaniards born in Latin America, work as officers in the army. Mestizos Mixed descent, European and Indian ancestry Mulattos Mixed descent, European and African Indians Oppressed minority.

Independence Movement by Creoles Least oppressed, best educated. Adopted Enlightenment ideas from education in Europe. Discontent rises among Creoles, Spain suppresses any revolt. Napoleon actually starts the revolt by removing the Spanish King and putting his brother on the throne in the Peninsular War. 1808.

End of Spanish Rule in South America Two major generals begin revolt. Simon Bolivar Venezuela declares independence from Spain in 1811. Not very successful at first, went into exile twice. 1819, surprised the Spanish Army and won, independence gained by 1821.

Mexico Class system dominates South America, Mexico has more ethnic and racial groups. Indians and Mestizos play a role in the independence movement. Miguel Hidalgo makes the first cry for independence in 1810. Priest in Dolores. Began a march towards Mexico City, 60,000 involved. Creoles and Spanish army didn’t like this idea of lower class Revolution so they defeat Hidalgo’s army in 1811 Firing Squad

Mexico gains Independence Jose Maria Morelos attempts to rally rebel forces after Hidalgo is defeated, Morelos is defeated by Creoles in 1815. Creole class begin move towards independence in 1821, fearing a loss of rights. Leading creole attempts to block any independence movement apart from Mexico, but he is overthrown in 1823.

Impact of Revolution Independence brought an increase in poverty. Why? A united Latin America collapsed with poverty and upheaval. Bolivar’s territories would divide as well as the Provinces of Central America.