Warm Up Where in the respiratory system does gas exchange take place? What is Pulmonary Ventilation? What are the 4 “events of respiration”?

Respiratory Physiology II Ch. 13c

Events of Respiration Pulmonary Ventilation External Respiration Respiratory Gas Transport Internal Respiration

External Respiration Oxygen movement into the blood The alveoli always has more oxygen than the blood Oxygen moves by diffusion towards the area of lower concentration Pulmonary capillary blood gains oxygen Slide 13.32a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

External Respiration Carbon dioxide movement out of the blood Blood returning from tissues has higher concentrations of carbon dioxide than air in the alveoli Carbon Dioxide diffuses out of pulmonary capillary blood in to the alveoli to be released from the lungs Blood leaving the lungs is oxygen-rich and carbon dioxide-poor Slide 13.32b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Challenge Problem Good afternoon! Please take out 13c notes: What respiratory disorder did you research on Friday? What part of the respiratory system was affected by the disorder? Why is it so dangerous to fall asleep with the gas on?

Gas Transport in the Blood Oxygen transport in the blood Inside red blood cells attached to hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin [HbO2]) A small amount is carried dissolved in the plasma Slide 13.33a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Gas Transport in the Blood Carbon dioxide transport in the blood Most is transported in the plasma as bicarbonate ion (HCO3–) A small amount is carried inside red blood cells on hemoglobin, but at different binding sites than those of oxygen Slide 13.33b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Internal Respiration Exchange of gases between blood and body cells An opposite exchange to what occurs in the lungs Carbon dioxide diffuses out of tissue to blood Oxygen diffuses from blood into tissue Slide 13.34a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Internal Respiration Slide 13.34b Figure 13.11 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

External Respiration, Gas Transport, and Internal Respiration Summary Figure 13.10 Slide 13.35 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Quick Quiz What is occurring during External Respiration? Describe where Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide are coming from and going to What is occurring during Internal Respiration?

Neural Regulation of Respiration Activity of respiratory muscles is transmitted to the brain by the phrenic and intercostal nerves Neural centers that control rate and depth are located in the medulla The pons appears to smooth out respiratory rate Normal respiratory rate (eupnea) is 12–15 respirations per minute Hypernia is increased respiratory rate often due to extra oxygen needs Slide 13.36 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Neural Regulation of Respiration Figure 13.12 Slide 13.37 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Challenge Problem Good morning! Please take out 13c notes: Why do you think grandparents have a harder time breathing? Why is it so dangerous to fall asleep with the gas on, or to remain in your car with the engine on?

Respiratory Rate & Depth What do you think will happen to your rate and depth of respiration in each of the following situations Increased Carbon Dioxide in the blood Decreased Oxygen in the blood

Factors Influencing Respiratory Rate and Depth Physical factors Increased body temperature Exercise Talking Coughing Volition (conscious control) Emotional factors Slide 13.38 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Factors Influencing Respiratory Rate and Depth Chemical factors Carbon dioxide levels Level of carbon dioxide in the blood is the main regulatory chemical for respiration Increased carbon dioxide increases respiration Changes in carbon dioxide act directly on the medulla oblongata Slide 13.39a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Factors Influencing Respiratory Rate and Depth Chemical factors (continued) Oxygen levels Changes in oxygen concentration in the blood are detected by chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid artery Information is sent to the medulla oblongata Slide 13.39b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Quick Quiz What is the most important chemical influencing respiratory rate and depth?

Aging Effects Elasticity of lungs decreases Vital capacity decreases Blood oxygen levels decrease Stimulating effects of carbon dioxide decreases More risks of respiratory tract infection Slide 13.48 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Respiratory Disorders Worksheet Lung Cancer Article & Crossword

Challenge Problem- col **Fill in the appropriate words** During external respiration ____1____ diffuses into the bloodstream in the air sacs called ____2____ while _____3_____ diffuses out of the blood. 4. If you were in an alveoli, identify the structures you would pass on your way out of the lungs in order (~8 if you are detailed) 5. Write down one fact about the respiratory disease you researched on Friday.

Challenge Problem Fill in the appropriate words During external respiration ____1____ diffuses OUT of the bloodstream to the air sacs called ____2____ while _____3_____ diffuses IN to the blood. 4. Pretend you are a molecule of oxygen. Which structures would you pass on your way down to the alveoli when someone breathed you in? Be specific 5. Write down something from Fridays research

Chapter 13 review Flash cards Essential Q’s Kahoot Quiz for cash

Quiz Review Make sure your name is on your review stuff Put writing utensils away Have out review sheets Take 10 minutes to quiz each other Have them ready to go; clipped, stapled

When Finished Turn test and answer sheet in to the front basket Get article ‘Fed Up’, number the paragraphs (15) Before reading look through to find unfamiliar words, circle them Read article Answer T/F Q’s Do something quietly until all are finished