Muscular System.

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Presentation transcript:

Muscular System

I. Muscular System Anatomy 1. Skeletal Muscle 2. Cardiac Muscle 3. Smooth Muscle

Skeletal Types of Muscles Attaches to bone Long Cylinders Many nucleus Striations (stripes) Voluntary

Cardiac Muscle Types of Muscle (cont) Branching cells One Nucleus Striations (stripes) Involuntary Moves blood through heart and blood vessels.

Smooth Types of Muscle (cont) One Nucleus No striations Involuntary Found in walls of hollow organs (bladder, blood vessels, digestive system )

Muscular System Physiology Skeletal Muscles Produces Movement: by contracting (shortening) Maintains posture: tiny adjustments constantly being made. Stabilizes Joints: movements are fluid Generates Heat – ATP is used and ¾ lost as heat. Helps protect fragile internal organs

B. Skeletal Muscle Structure Muscle Fibers: Muscle cells!! Endomysium: Wraps each muscle fiber

Skeletal Muscle structure (cont.) Perimysium: Wraps several muscle fibers (each wrapped in endomysium) Fascicle: A bundle of fibers wrapped in perimysium

Skeletal Muscle structure (cont.) Epimysium: Wraps many fascicles Tendon: The epimysium blends into a tendon that connects the muscle to bone

Muscle Actions FLEXION: Decrease the angle of a joint EXTENSION: Increase the angle of a joint

Muscle Actions ABDUCTION: Moving limbs AWAY from midline ADDUCTION: Moving limbs TOWARD the midline

Muscle Actions ROTATION: Moving bone around a long axis CIRCUMDUCTION: Complete circular motion

Muscle Actions PRONATION: Palm of hand from upward facing to downward facing. SUPINATION: Palm of hand from downward facing to upward facing.

Muscle Actions INVERSION: Sole of foot medial (turn feet in) EVERSION: Sole of foot lateral (turn feet out)

Muscle Actions DORSIFLEXION: Stand on heels, toes up PLANTAR FLEXION: Stand on toes, toes down (ballet)

Muscle Vocabulary ORIGIN: Immovable bone (attachment site) INSERTION: Movable bone (attachment site)

Mighty Muscle Vocabulary Prime Mover: Muscle with major responsibility for a movement Antagonist: Muscle that opposes or reverses a movement Synergist: Muscle that helps a prime mover by producing the same movement. Fixator: Muscle that stabalizes an origin