Immunology of the healthy liver: Old questions and new insights

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Immunology of the healthy liver: Old questions and new insights Wajahat Z. Mehal, Francesco Azzaroli, I. Nicholas Crispe Gastroenterology Volume 120, Issue 1, Pages 250-260 (January 2001) DOI: 10.1053/gast.2001.20947 Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Typical composition of the hepatic nonparenchymal cell (NPC) population in rodents and humans. IHL, intrahepatic lymphocytes; DN, double negative (CD4 and CD8 negative). Gastroenterology 2001 120, 250-260DOI: (10.1053/gast.2001.20947) Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Accumulation and apoptosis of T cells in the liver after activation by specific peptide. (A) H&E staining at 200× magnification showing T-cell accumulation in the liver parenchyma and around a central vein. (D) Hematoxylin at 400×. (B and C) Hematoxylin and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling) staining demonstrating apoptotic nuclei (green). The majority of the apoptotic nuclei are of T cells (arrowhead), but apoptotic hepatocyte nuclei are also present (arrow). Gastroenterology 2001 120, 250-260DOI: (10.1053/gast.2001.20947) Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Two proposed immunologic functions of the normal liver. (A) Retention and apoptosis of activated CD8+ T cells flowing into the liver. (B) Activation, proliferation, and apoptosis of resting CD8+ T cells that recognize hepatic antigens. Gastroenterology 2001 120, 250-260DOI: (10.1053/gast.2001.20947) Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions