The New Nation Domestic Policy

Washington becomes President April 30th, 1789 George Washington becomes first president What now????? Organization of the government How to pay off debt Foreign and Domestic Concerns

Hamilton’s Financial Program Hamilton proposed 3 things to boost US 1. Pay off national debt the US would assume the war debt 2. Impose high tariff on imported goods 3. Create a National Bank

Opposed Hamilton’s financial plan Believed his plan should be passed The Battle Begins Jefferson Hamilton Opposed Hamilton’s financial plan Believed his plan should be passed

Hamilton’s Financial Program After much debate: Hamilton and Jefferson Compromise on 3 things 1. Jefferson and his supporters agree to Hamilton’s plan to pay off national debt at face value In return for Jefferson’s support the new capital would be in the south – along Potomac River 2. Tariff rates were lowered at Jefferson’s demand To raise enough revenue, Hamilton persuaded Congress to pass an Excise tax – particularity on Whiskey 3. Create a national bank Hamilton issued the “necessary and proper” clause

THOSE PESKY INDIANS!!

Native American Relations As people moved westward they encountered more and more Indians 1794 – Battle of Fallen Timbers Result: Treaty of Greenville Indians surrendered all claims to Ohio Territory and promised never to attack settlers

Western Lands Public Land Act of 1796 Established orderly procedures for dividing and selling federal lands and reasonable prices 1791 Vermont 1792 Kentucky 1796 Tennessee

The Whiskey Rebellion

The Whiskey Rebellion Could the federal government enforce its own policies? Farmers in the Western Territory were upset with the tax on their corn Attacked tax collectors – Put down by Alexander Hamilton and 15,000 troops Showed federal power and that it could enforce its laws

Washington’s Foreign Policy & Farewell Address

AMERICA: 1790

Our Revolution was Over.

Jacques-Louis David, The Tennis Court Oath Meanwhile, In France... Jacques-Louis David, The Tennis Court Oath

The Storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789 It was only Beginning. The Storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789

The French Tricolor They wanna be us... But they AIN’T us.

US Should Support French Revolution US Should Oppose French Revolution The French Revolution Jefferson Hamilton US Should Support French Revolution US Should Oppose French Revolution

WAR!!! France vs. Europe

? How should the United States respond?

Neutrality Proclamation “Whereas it appears that a state of war exists between Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great Britain, and the United Netherlands, of the one part, and France on the other... 1793

Neutrality Proclamation “The duty and interest of the United States require, that they should with sincerity and good faith adopt and pursue a conduct friendly and impartial toward the belligerent Powers...” 1793

Washington’s Legacy Neutrality

Washington’s Legacy Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation defined American foreign policy toward Europe until World War II.

“Your boys are not going to be sent into any foreign wars!” -- FDR, 1940 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JfSU-VGixjM

Art courtesy of Sam B. and James J. (APUSH 2008-2009)

Citizen Genet Privateers: Republicaine Anti-George Sans-Culotte Citizen Genêt French Ambassador to the U.S. 1793-1794

He has to be dismissed. You’re right. Hamilton Jefferson Citizen Genet’s lack of regard for diplomatic protocol resulted in a rare agreement between Jefferson and Hamilton. Jefferson

Citizen Genet was FIRED. Photo by Gage Skidmore

Jefferson RESIGNED

Jefferson, frustrated with the administration’s pro-British policies, retired to Monticello. Photo by Roger Smith

The Jay Treaty 1794-1796 John Jay Britain agrees to abandon forts in U.S. in exchange for Most Favored Nation (MFN) trading status.

OPPOSED

The Jay Treaty strengthened economic ties with aristocratic Britain, while creating tension between the U.S. and republican France.

By the Light of Burning Effigies http://www.city-journal.org/2010/20_1_urb-john-jay.html

2/3 Advice and Consent Photo by Kurt Magoon

Ratified 20-10* * Treaties require a 2/3 vote of the Senate for ratification. Photo by Kurt Magoon

Pinckney’s Treaty 1795 Settled West Florida Boundary Thomas Pinckney (SC) Settled West Florida Boundary Free navigation of the Mississippi R. Right of Deposit (New Orleans)

Map by Golbez

Resolved in our favor! Free Navigation Map by Golbez

Two Terms A precedent for all future presidents

EXCEPT ONE OOPS!

Art courtesy of Sam B. and James J. (APUSH 2008-2009)

TWO TERM PRECEDENT 22 The Twenty-second Amendment (1951) made Washington’s precedent official. Photo by rogerblake2

Birth of Political Parties

Political Parties Constitution did not mention political parties Assumed by the framers of the constitution that they wouldn’t be needed After ratification two main faction arose

Political Parties Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans Federalists – Wealthy merchants and people in northeast – supported Hamilton’s ideas Democratic-Republicans – southern states and western frontier – supported Jefferson’s idea

Political Parties Hamilton Jefferson Federalists Democratic- Republicans View of Constitution Strong Central Government Weak Central Government Foreign Policy Pro-British Pro-French Military Policy Large Peacetime Navy & Army Small Peacetime Navy & Army Domestic Policy Aid Business National Bank High Tariffs Favor Agriculture No National Bank Supporters Northern Businessmen Small Farmers Plantation Owners

Washington’s Farewell

Washington’s Farewell Do not get involved in European affairs Do not make “permanent alliances” Do not form political parties Avoid Sectionalism 1796