AFRICA’SECURITY SITUATION AND the integration of migration regimes

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Presentation transcript:

AFRICA’SECURITY SITUATION AND the integration of migration regimes Yann BEDZIGUI CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Cape Town, 14 November 2017

INTRODUCTION Regional integration as critical tool for economic development Limited success in the political and security areas Many questions raised by the push for integration: How to integrate at the regional leve, as national integration remains a challenge? How to integrate states with ungoverned spaces? How to foster integration in a continent insecure in many places?

TRENDS OPTIONS

A - TRENDS

VIOLENT EXTREMIST INSURGENCIES ANGOLA BOTSWANA CAMEROON COTE D`IVOIRE GHANA KENYA MALAWI MOZAMBIQUE NAMIBIA NIGERIA TANZANIA UGANDA ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE ETHIOPIA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI BENIN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (ZAIRE) CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CONGO DJUBOUTI ALGERIA EGYPT GABON THE GAMBIA GUINEA EQUATORIAL GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU LESOTHO LIBYA MOROCCO MADAGASCAR MALI MAURITANIA MAURITIUS NIGER RWANDA SUDAN SIERRA LEONE SENEGAL SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE SWAZILAND CHAD TOGO TUNISIA SOUTH AFRICA LIBERIA WESTERN SAHARA SOMALIA ERITREA CAPE VERDE SEYCHELLES SOUTH SUDAN

TRANSITION CHALLENGES ANGOLA BOTSWANA CAMEROON COTE D`IVOIRE GHANA KENYA MALAWI MOZAMBIQUE NAMIBIA NIGERIA TANZANIA UGANDA ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE ETHIOPIA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI BENIN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (ZAIRE) CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CONGO DJUBOUTI ALGERIA EGYPT GABON THE GAMBIA GUINEA EQUATORIAL GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU LESOTHO LIBYA MOROCCO MADAGASCAR MALI MAURITANIA MAURITIUS NIGER RWANDA SUDAN SIERRA LEONE SENEGAL SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE SWAZILAND CHAD TOGO TUNISIA SOUTH AFRICA LIBERIA WESTERN SAHARA SOMALIA ERITREA CAPE VERDE SEYCHELLES SOUTH SUDAN

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC ENDEMIC CONFLICTS ANGOLA BOTSWANA CAMEROON COTE D`IVOIRE GHANA KENYA MALAWI MOZAMBIQUE NAMIBIA NIGERIA TANZANIA UGANDA ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE ETHIOPIA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI BENIN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (ZAIRE) CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CONGO DJUBOUTI ALGERIA EGYPT GABON THE GAMBIA GUINEA EQUATORIAL GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU LESOTHO LIBYA MOROCCO MADAGASCAR MALI MAURITANIA MAURITIUS NIGER RWANDA SUDAN SIERRA LEONE SENEGAL SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE SWAZILAND CHAD TOGO TUNISIA SOUTH AFRICA LIBERIA WESTERN SAHARA SOMALIA ERITREA CAPE VERDE SEYCHELLES SOUTH SUDAN

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC ‘UNGOVERNED SPACES’ ANGOLA BOTSWANA CAMEROON COTE D`IVOIRE GHANA KENYA MALAWI MOZAMBIQUE NAMIBIA NIGERIA TANZANIA UGANDA ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE ETHIOPIA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI BENIN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (ZAIRE) CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CONGO DJUBOUTI ALGERIA EGYPT GABON THE GAMBIA GUINEA EQUATORIAL GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU LESOTHO LIBYA MOROCCO MADAGASCAR MALI MAURITANIA MAURITIUS NIGER RWANDA SUDAN SIERRA LEONE SENEGAL SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE SWAZILAND CHAD TOGO TUNISIA SOUTH AFRICA LIBERIA WESTERN SAHARA SOMALIA ERITREA CAPE VERDE SEYCHELLES SOUTH SUDAN

Instability on the continent ANGOLA BOTSWANA CAMEROON COTE D`IVOIRE GHANA KENYA MALAWI MOZAMBIQUE NAMIBIA NIGERIA TANZANIA UGANDA ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE ETHIOPIA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI BENIN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (ZAIRE) CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CONGO DJUBOUTI ALGERIA EGYPT GABON THE GAMBIA GUINEA EQUATORIAL GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU LESOTHO LIBYA MOROCCO MADAGASCAR MALI MAURITANIA MAURITIUS NIGER RWANDA SUDAN SIERRA LEONE SENEGAL SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE SWAZILAND CHAD TOGO TUNISIA SOUTH AFRICA LIBERIA WESTERN SAHARA SOMALIA ERITREA CAPE VERDE SEYCHELLES SOUTH SUDAN

Lack of proactive response TRENDS (Suite) Ungoverned spaces Limited state authority Lack of state penetration Lack of monopoly of force Lack of border control External interference Lack of proactive response AU and RECs effective in reactive response Struggle to adress the root causes of intability 19/04/2019

b - options

Enhanced border cooperation is needed Unknown about the impact of free movement of people on peace and security Enhanced border cooperation is needed 167 borders in Africa 83500 km of borders Only 35% are demarcated Only five ratifications of the Niamey Convention on cross-border cooperation Borders disputes to be solved Many border disputes remain Need to have everybody on board Establishement of an effective collective security Phased and flexible implementation of free movement 19/04/2019

MAIN BORDER DISPUTES IN AFRCA ANGOLA BOTSWANA CAMEROON COTE D`IVOIRE GHANA KENYA MALAWI MOZAMBIQUE NAMIBIA NIGERIA TANZANIA UGANDA ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE ETHIOPIA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI BENIN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (ZAIRE) CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CONGO DJUBOUTI ALGERIA EGYPT GABON THE GAMBIA GUINEA EQUATORIAL GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU LESOTHO LIBYA MOROCCO MADAGASCAR MALI MAURITANIA MAURITIUS NIGER RWANDA SUDAN SIERRA LEONE SENEGAL SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE SWAZILAND CHAD TOGO TUNISIA SOUTH AFRICA LIBERIA WESTERN SAHARA SOMALIA ERITREA CAPE VERDE SEYCHELLES SOUTH SUDAN

conclusion Mixed state of security: old threats and new challenges Insecurity as a push factor Free movement as an opportunity to strenghten collective security Need to combine pessimism of intellect with optimism of the will

THANK YOU ybedzigui@issafrica.org 19/04/2019