Russian Revolution
Prior to WWI- Review Defeat in Crimean War leads to rapid industrialization Russia more agricultural/feudal than industrial Defeat in Russo-Japanese war Emancipation of serfs Freed to provide mobile labor source for factories Little change in social position Rapid industrialization causes revolts Tsar forced to establish Duma
Russia During WWI Russia weak against Industrial AH and Germany Highest number of war deaths (3.3 million) War creates instability: Increased production for military Food shortages (sent to soldiers) Soldiers mutiny against war People call for end to War Tsar at front lines/weak government
Rasputin
Abdication of Tsar March 1917- Tsar forced to step down Ends 300 year of Romanov Dynasty Est provisional Republic government New government refuses to end war Increased support for oppositional political parties Bolsheviks: communist party Gain large % of seats in parliament
November Revolution Germany sends Bolshevik leader back into Russia Vladimir Lenin exiled by Russian government “Peace, Bread, Land” slogan gains popular support November 1917- Bolsheviks storm government Control given to Bolsheviks Lenin as leader March 1918-Treaty of Brest-Litvosk: Russia surrenders to Germany
Bolshevik Changes 1918- Tsar and royal family executed “Red Terror” – campaign to expel all political opposition “war communism”- government seizes all private land and businesses Supposed to be temporary during political transition
Russian Civil War 1917-1922 Former aristocracy, land owners, high-ranking officials rebel against Soviet rule White Army Supported by Allied nations (US, GB, FR, Japan) Peasants, workers, military support Soviets Reds Defeat whites More people Control Russian factories 1922- Russia becomes USSR (United Soviet Socialist Republic” Soviet= worker/laborer
Stalin 1924 Lenin dies Replaced by Josef Stalin Soviet Reforms 5 year plan Goal to rapidly industrialize Focused on infrastructure, not consumer goods Lead to 0% unemployment Collectivism: Program to increase agricultural output to feed factory workers Took private land and turned into state communes Weather and peasant protests reduced production 1931- ended with 3 million peasant deaths
Great Purge 1934-1939 Many Bolsheviks questioned failure of collectivism Stalin removed: 75% of government officials 66% of military officials Any people viewed as anti- Soviet Intellectuals, Jews, ethnic minorities 8 million to forced labor camps (Gulags) 17 million killed