(A) Mean concentration of HMOs (in milligrams per milliliter, ± SD) in milk among mothers in the study. (A) Mean concentration of HMOs (in milligrams per milliliter, ± SD) in milk among mothers in the study. (B) Mean concentration of fecal HMOs (in milligrams per gram of feces, ± SD) in infant stools at day 6 and day 29. (C) Mean organic acids (lactate and SCFA) in fecal samples at day 6 or day 29 (in micromoles per gram, ± SD). Note that B. infantis EVC001 was fed from day 7. ***, P < 0.001. Steven A. Frese et al. mSphere 2017; doi:10.1128/mSphere.00501-17