IMO work to address GHG emissions from ships

Outcomes of the Marine Environmental Protection Committee 73 (MEPC 73) CAPACITY BUILDING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION IN THE MARITIME SHIPPING INDUSTRY Outcomes of the Marine Environmental Protection Committee 73 (MEPC 73) MTCC-Africa Ghana National Workshop | 04th -05th February 2019 | Tema, Ghana Presentation Developed by : Global MTCC Network (GMN) Presented by : Lydia Ngugi |nguginlydia@gmail.com The Global MTCC Network (GMN) project is funded by the European Union and implemented by IMO The views expressed in this presentation can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union

Adoption of the Initial IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG emissions from ships The Initial Strategy includes a Vision to phase out GHG emissions as soon as possible in this century It identifies Levels of Ambition as follows: Review with the aim to strengthen the Energy Efficiency design requirements; Reduction of CO2 emissions per transport work, as an average across international shipping, by at least 40% by 2030, pursuing efforts towards 70% by 2050, compared to 2008; Peak GHG emissions as soon as possible and reduce GHG emissions from international shipping by at least 50% by 2050 compared to 2008 whilst pursuing efforts towards phasing them out as called for in the Vision as a point on a pathway of CO2 emissions reduction consistent with the Paris Agreement temperature goals adopted

Adoption of the Initial IMO Strategy on reduction of GHG emissions from ships - The adoption of the Initial IMO GHG Strategy in April has been welcomed as a significant milestone in the history of the Organization. It has been largely saluted by the UN Secretary-General, many Member States and the shipping industry as providing the expected signal to engage towards low- and zero-carbon shipping The Initial Strategy is now the framework for further action of IMO to address GHG emissions from ships

Programme of follow-up actions of the Initial Strategy up to 2023 Last week the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 73) gathered in London and approved the Programme of follow-up actions of the Initial IMO Strategy on reduction of GHG emissions from ships up to 2023 This programme of actions identifies several parallel streams of activity: Consideration of concrete proposals for new measures by MEPC 74 (May 2019) Mechanism to assess impacts on States of measures Fourth IMO GHG Study to update estimates and projections Capacity-building, technical cooperation, R&D

Example of candidate short-term measure: ports the Initial Strategy identifies as a candidate short-term measure : “ ”

IMO 2020 sulphur regulation

IMO 2020 sulphur regulation ECA Non-ECA 1.7.2010 1.1.2015 4.50 3.50 1.50 1.00 0.10 0.50 1.1.2012 1.1.2020 Fuel oil % sulphur Review completed 2016 Time Following amendments of MARPOL Annex VI adopted in 2008, from 1 January 2020 the sulphur content of any fuel used on board ships shall not exceed 0.50% globally. Since 1 January 2015, the limit of 0.10% was set in Emission Control Ares (ECAs) 91 Contracting States are Parties to MARPOL Annex VI, the merchant fleet of which represents over 96% of the worlds fleet in tonnage A study commissioned by IMO in 2016 showed that postponing the effective date of 1 January 2020 to 2025 would cause 570.000 premature deaths

IMO 2020 sulphur regulation MEPC 70 (October 2016) approved report on “Assessment of Fuel Oil Availability” and confirmed effective date of 1 January 2020 “In all scenarios, the supply of marine fuels with a sulphur content of 0.50% m/m or less and with a sulphur content of 0.10% m/m or less is projected to meet demand for these products.” MEPC 71 (July 2017) approved a new output for the PPR Sub-Committee on “Consistent implementation of the 0.50% m/m sulphur limit” - Intersessional meeting held July 2018 “Carriage ban” MEPC 73 adopted amendments to MARPOL Annex VI to “prohibit the carriage of non-compliant fuel oil for combustion purposes for propulsion or operation on board a ship” for entry into force on 1 March 2020 unless the ship has an exhaust gas cleaning system ("scrubber") fitted IMO is working towards timely, consistent and uniform implementation of the regulation MEPC and PPR provide relevant tools for Flag/Port and Coastal States, shipowners and operators, bunker suppliers, etc. The carriage ban on non-compliant fuel oil would mean a ship found by port State control to be carrying non-compliant fuel oil will provide ‘clear grounds’ for further investigation and possible enforcement action and so will significantly enhance high-seas compliance

IMO 2020 Sulphur regulation MEPC 73 approved Guidance on best practice for fuel oil suppliers and Guidance on ship implementation planning that includes an indicative plan that identifies the following key elements: risk assessment and mitigation plan (impact of new fuels); fuel oil system modifications and tank cleaning (if needed); fuel oil capacity and segregation capability; procurement of compliant fuel; fuel oil changeover plan (conventional residual fuel oils to 0.50% sulphur compliant fuel oil); and documentation and reporting. Additional guidance that could be taken into account is also provided on impact on machinery systems and on tank cleaning. MEPC 73 invite further concrete proposals on how to enhance the implementation of regulation 18 of MARPOL Annex VI, in particular on fuel oil quality and reporting of non-availability of compliant fuel oils, to MEPC 74 Examples of supporting instruments developed by IMO to ensure consistent implementation of the 2020 sulphur regulation High seas enforcement primarily dependent on flag State, not port State, as use of fuel oil primarily will take place on ‘high seas’ for deep sea shipping enforcement differences may occur globally but ships are inspected globally and ‘high risk’ ships are increasingly targeted by port State authorities risk criteria include flag State, type of ship, port State control inspection record

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MTCC-Africa Consortium Members Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Kenya Maritime Authority (KMA) Kenya Ports Authority (KPA) Host Institution