CARBOHYDRATES.

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Presentation transcript:

CARBOHYDRATES

Characteristics of Carbohydrates Consist of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen Ratio of H and O is 2 to 1 (Just like water!!) Energy containing molecules Some provide structure Basic building block (monomer) is a monosaccharide (CH2O)n ; n = 3,5,6 Two monosaccharides form a disaccharide Multiple monomers form polysaccharides (polymers)

Different Forms of Glucose

Three Monosaccharides C6H12O6

Monos. and Isomerism Glucose is a main source of NRG for cells. Fructose is found in fruits and is sweetest. Galactose is found in milk. All have same formula but different structures…they are ISOMERS!

Disaccharides Simply two monosaccharides combined through a condensation reaction. Dehydration Synthesis- releasing water in order for two monos. to join together. Sucrose is the most common example. Made of fructose + glucose

Dehydration Synthesis of a Disaccharide copyright cmassengale

Formation of Disaccharides

Hydrolysis of a Disaccharide Hydrolysis is the process of ADDING a water molecule in order to break up a disaccharide. The result is two monomer units!

Important Polysaccharides: Starch Consists of glucose subunits Plant energy storage molecule Glycogen is a very similar molecule in animals. Starch and glycogen can be digested by animals.

Important Polysaccharides: Cellulose Composed of glucose subunits Different bond formed than starch Structural component in plants Cannot be digested by animals

Important Polysaccharides: Chitin Glucose subunits Partly derived from non-sugars (nitrogen) Composes exoskeletons of insects Note similarity to cellulose.