Good Morning!!! Finish your final observations on data table…. In complete sentences, answer: +Is yeast alive? How do you know so, explain! +Why did we put some yeast in sugar and water and some yeast in only water??? +Why did the bromothymol blue turn greenish yellow after we blew into it? +Explain what the color differences in Tube 1 and Tube 2 are from. Be specific on what caused the color change, and why each tube are different colors.

What is cellular respiration and what organisms perform this? What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? What are the three steps of cellular respiration?

Warm up Responses Cellular respiration is getting energy from food(sugar molecule). Both heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms undergo this! Bacteria, fungi, plants, animals…. Equation: C6H1206 + 602  6H20 + 6CO2 + ATP Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

Warm up #5 1. Differentiate between Anaerobic and Aerobic processes. 2. List the 3 steps of Cellular Respiration and identify which are aerobic and anaerobic. 3. Describe the significance of electrons in the process of cellular respiration? (What purpose do they serve?) 4. Which step produces the most ATP?

Food provides living things with the chemical building blocks needed to grow and reproduce Food serves as a source of energy Energy is measured in Calories

Cellular Respiration=Getting energy from food

Cells gradually release energy from glucose through Cellular Respiration There are many steps to Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain Cellular Respiration requires Oxygen

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen Done in three steps to control the release of ATP…. If ATP were released all at once, most of the energy would be lost as heat and light

Glycolysis Is the first step of cellular respiration Breaks one molecule of glucose into two molecules of Pyruvic acid

Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm This process did not require Oxygen Uses 2 ATP, produces 4 ATP…so what is the net gain of ATP?

Glycolysis NAD+ is an electron carrier in glycolysis NAD+ accepts a pair of high-energy electrons and transfers them to other molecules NAD+ helps to pass energy from glucose to other pathways of cells

Fermentation Happens right after glycolysis if Oxygen is not present=Anaerobic How does it get energy then if no Oxygen is present? Cells convert NADH to NAD+ so glycolysis can continue

Alcoholic Fermentation Pyruvic acid + NADH  alcohol + C02 + NAD+ Lactic Acid Fermentation Pyruvic acid + NADH  lactic acid + NAD+

Vocabulary Cellular Respiration Aerobic Anaerobic Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Cellular Respiration Is the process of releasing energy by breaking down glucose & other food molecules

Cells can regenerate ATP as needed by using the energy stored in foods like glucose. The energy stored in glucose by photosynthesis is released by cellular respiration and repackaged into the energy of ATP.

Cellular Respiration: (2 kinds—Aerobic and Anaerobic) Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy of glucose is released in the cell to be used for life processes (movement, breathing, blood circulation, etc…)

Respiration occurs in ALL cells and can take place either with or without oxygen present.

Aerobic and Anaerobic Aerobic-requires oxygen Anaerobic- does not require oxygen

Aerobic Respiration: requires oxygen Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell Total of 36 ATP molecules produced General formula for aerobic respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy Human cells contain a specialized structure – the mitochondrion – that generates energy.

Anaerobic Respiration: occurs when no oxygen is available to the cell (2 kinds: Alcoholic and Lactic Acid) Also called fermentation Much less ATP produced than in aerobic respiration

Alcoholic fermentation—occurs in bacteria and yeast Process used in the baking and brewing industry—yeast produces CO2 gas during fermentation to make dough rise and give bread its holes glucose ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP

Lactic acid fermentation—occurs in muscle cells Lactic acid is produced in the muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues—causes burning sensation in muscles glucose lactic acid + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP

First step in anaerobic respiration is also glycolysis Diagram Anaerobic Respiration Cytoplasm Alcoholic fermentation Bacteria, Yeast 2 ATP C6H12O6 glucose glycolysis Lactic acid fermentation Muscle cells 2 ATP ETC Mitochondria Krebs Cycle Aerobic Respiration 36 ATP

Glycolysis 1st step of Cellular Respiration -Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, Anaerobic -Breaks one molecule of glucose into two molecules of Pyruvic acid

Glycolysis

Krebs Cycle 2nd step of Cellular Respiration -Pyruvic acid from glycolysis enters mitochondria & is broken down into CO2 (carbon dioxide) -Produces 2 ATPs

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport Chain -Transport of the high-energy electrons produced from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP to ATP -Produces about 32 ATPs

Electron Transport Chain 3rd step of Cellular Respiration -Transport of the high-energy electrons produced from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP to ATP -Produces about 32 ATPs

ETC

ETC Chemiosmosis= produces 3 ATP from every pair of electrons Oxygen is final electron acceptor, which then combines with Hydrogen ions to form water

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration-getting energy out of sugar Glycolysis-breaks down sugar molecule into two pyruvic acid (net gain of 2 ATP) Krebs Cycle-breaks down pyruvic acid to CO2 (net gain of 2 ATP) 3. ETC- uses electrons from Krebs Cycle to convert ADP into ATP (net gain of 32 ATP) Cellular Respiration Total= gain of 36 ATP

Electron Transport Chain Diagram Electrons carried in NADH Mitochondria In Cytoplasm Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Glucose Glycolysis 2 2 32

Summary: 3 steps: 1st glycolysis 2nd Krebs cycle 3rd Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

If oxygen is present Produces __ATP If no oxygen is present Cellular Respiration 1st Step ___________ Produces __ATP If oxygen is present 2nd Step _______________ Produces ____ ATP If no oxygen is present 3rd Step _____________ Produces ___ATP Done mostly by yeast produces alcohol and CO2 Happens in muscle cells, produces lactic acid

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Electron Transport Chain Diagram Electrons carried in NADH Mitochondria In Cytoplasm Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Glucose Glycolysis 2 2 32

Summary: 3 steps: 1st glycolysis 2nd Krebs cycle 3rd Electron Transport Chain (ETC)