James Madison (D-R 1809-1817) Father of the Constitution Co-Founder of the Democratic-Republicans Sec of State under Jefferson Repeal of trade embargo on GB/FRA Charter for the BUS expires (1811) 2nd BUS created in 1816 War of 1812

Prelude to War British Impressment of U.S. sailors Claimed they belonged to the British Navy Leads to Jefferson’s embargo British and French at war again BUS had recently expired Makes it difficult to fund the war Conflicts with Native Americans Mixed support for the war New England states opposed strongly, needed their help South and West eager for war

Calls for War in America Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) William Henry Harrison Destroy headquarters at Prophetstown Congress John C. Calhoun Henry Clay “On to Canada” War Hawks Young enthusiastic Congressmen from new and Southern states

Invasion of Canada (1812-1814) Strong loyalties from the locals British Loyalists and French Catholics Americans expected a very easy invasion Militiamen refused to enter Canadian territory British conquer Detroit without firing a shot Battle of Queenston Heights 300 American casualties Battle of Lake Erie (1813) Oliver Hazzard Perry By 1814, British can focus full attention on Canada

War of 1812 British blockade along the Atlantic coast Had the superior Navy Burning of the White House August 24, 1814 Retaliation for the American victory in the Battle of York Dolly Madison saves important documents, painting of Washington “Storm that Saved Washington” Star Spangled Banner Francis Scott Key Battle of Fort McHenry (1814)

Role of Native Americans Confederacy Unified Native tribes Tecumseh & the Prophet Shawnee Indian leaders Tecumseh killed in the Battle of the Thames Dividing loyalties between British and Americans American expansion led many towards the British Treaty of Fort Wayne Relied on ambushes and raids

Creek War Tecumseh had recruited Creeks into his Confederacy Carried out raids on frontier communities Red Sticks Broke away from Tecumseh’s Confederacy William Weatherford (Red Eagle) Battle of Burnt Corn Creek (1813) Americans ambush Red Sticks, loot their belongings Red Sticks retaliate Fort Mims Massacre (1813) (North Baldwin County) Red Stick assault on American settlers Captain Dixon Bailey Majority of the settlers killed in the massacre

General Andrew Jackson Leads state militias after hearing of the Fort Mims Massacre Tennessee Volunteers Sam Houston Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814) Surround and attack the Red Sticks Decisive American victory 800-1,000 Red Stick casualties Treaty of Fort Jackson (1814) (Wetumpka) Creeks in Alabama cede majority of their territory Allows for the settlement/statehood of Alabama Battle of Pensacola Spanish surrender U.S. gets Mobile and Baldwin County

Battle of New Orleans (January 8, 1815) Treaty of Ghent had been signed on Christmas Eve Jackson surrounded by swamp on one side and Mississippi River on the other Fortifications withstand British attacks Pirate Jean Lafitte Assists Jackson in the Battle in return for pardons for his crew Casualties British: 2,459 (386 killed) American: 333 (55 killed) Moral boost for the country Makes Andrew Jackson a hero

War of 1812 – Videos https://youtu.be/qMXqg2PKJZU Crash Course – War of 1812 https://youtu.be/U6wSBkyIlDw Victory on Lake Erie – Smithsonian