New England Colonies 3.2 Chapter 3 section 2

The Voyage of the Mayflower Pilgrims—Separatist religious group; separate from Church of England To escape persecution, they sail to Americas Pilgrims land at Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620) To establish order they sign the Mayflower Compact: vow to obey laws agreed upon for the good of the colony establishes idea of self-government, majority rule

The Pilgrims Found Plymouth Pilgrims endure hardships; half of group dies by spring Make friends with Squanto, a Pawtuxet Squanto sets up peace treaty between Pilgrims and Native Americans Squanto shows Pilgrims how to plant, hunt, fish Pilgrims trade with Native Americans, send lumber to England for profit Pilgrims, Native Americans celebrate harvest—first Thanksgiving

The Puritans Come to Massachusetts Bay Puritans—religious group, wants to reform Church of England To escape persecution, many Puritans sail to Americas (1630–1640) This movement of Puritans is known as the Great Migration 1,000 Puritans arrive at Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630) They are well prepared; do not starve First governor John Winthrop sets up a commonwealth

The New England Way Basic unit of the commonwealth is congregation: group of people who belong to same church each congregation sets up own town each town has a form of self-government Puritans follow the “New England Way”: emphasizes duty, godliness, hard work, honesty work ethic helps growth of New England colonies requires that all children learn to read

The New England Way Puritan congregations set up new colonies Thomas Hooker adopts Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639): extends voting rights to non-church members limits power of governor expands idea of representative government Portsmouth is first European settlement in New Hampshire

Challenges to Puritan Leaders Massachusetts minister Roger Williams opposes “New England Way” Forced to leave colony, he founds colony of Rhode Island (1636) This colony guarantees religious freedom, separation of church/state Anne Hutchinson believes person can worship without church, Bible Quakers believe person can know God through “inner light” Also believe in treating Native Americans fairly, persecuted for this

King Philip’s War Growing tensions over land between colonists, Native Americans Europeans and Native Americans define land ownership differently: to Europeans, land can be owned by individuals to Native Americans, land belongs to everyone King Philip’s War (1675–1676)—war between Puritans, Native Americans Native Americans lose war, are forced to become laborers English settlers expand farther into Native American lands

The Salem Witch Trials By late 1600s, societal changes lead to fear, suspicion in New England Pretending to be bewitched, girls falsely accuse others of witchcraft Witch-hunts begin (1692); more than 100 people are arrested, tried 20 found guilty and put to death Panic short-lived; experience shows how society can make scapegoats