Effects of upper limb unilateral isometric efforts on postural stabilization in subjects with hemiparesis  Anne Martine Bertrand, MSc, OT, Daniel Bourbonnais, PhD, OT  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  Volume 82, Issue 3, Pages 403-411 (March 2001) DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.19759 Copyright © 2001 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 A representation of the experimental setup and conditions. Subjects were seated on a forceplate with either (A) both arms (C+) or (B) 1 arm (C−) fixed. All arm fixation cuffs were mounted on force transducers attached to a rigid frame. The monitor facing the subjects displayed a ramp template. The signs represent the direction of forces measured. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2001 82, 403-411DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2001.19759) Copyright © 2001 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 The means and standard errors of maximal forces exerted in the horizontal axis (y axis) on the effort side. These are arranged by condition (C+, C−), by side (right [R], left [L], nonparetic [NP], paretic [P]), and by group (healthy subjects, subjects with hemiparesis). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2001 82, 403-411DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2001.19759) Copyright © 2001 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Example of a typical force recording from a healthy subject performing a ramp abduction task on the right side in condition C+. Forces exerted at the seat (FS) and in both upper limbs (FR, FL) are presented for each axis (x, y, z). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2001 82, 403-411DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2001.19759) Copyright © 2001 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 The means and standard errors of forces generated at the seat and in both upper limbs in the horizontal axis (y axis) by (A) healthy subjects and (B) subjects with hemiparesis at 100% level of effort. The values in bold face represent those recorded on the side performing the requested effort. Paretic side is identified by the dashed line. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2001 82, 403-411DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2001.19759) Copyright © 2001 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 The means and standard errors of (A) the normalized contralateral limb forces in the horizontal axis (y axis) and (B) the normalized contralateral resultant limb force amplitudes. The forces are arranged by side (R, L, NP, P) and by group at the 5 levels of effort (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2001 82, 403-411DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2001.19759) Copyright © 2001 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 The onset of the seat forces and contralateral limb forces compared with the forces measured on the task side (time = 0) in (A) healthy subjects and (B) subjects with hemiparesis. The midline of the box corresponds to the median, whereas the upper and lower box borders represent the 25th and 75th percentiles. The 2 vertical lines correspond to the 10th and 90th percentiles. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2001 82, 403-411DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2001.19759) Copyright © 2001 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions