The Language of Anatomy LA.910.2.2.3 The student will organize information to show understanding or relationships among facts, ideas, and events (e.g., representing key points within text through charting, mapping, paraphrasing, summarizing, contrasting, or outlining)

Levels of Structural Organization Chemical- simplest form, atoms combine to form molecules and molecules form organelles Cellular- organelles form cells- most cells have unique functions.  Smallest unit of life. Tissue- Groups of similar cells and have unique functions. 4 basic types:  epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

Levels of Structural Organization Organ- composed of at least 2 different tissue types (typically 4) that performs a specific function for the body Organ System- organs of similar type form organ systems of organization to promote life. Organism- sum of total of all structural levels of organization to promote life

Organ Systems Each organ in your body is part of an organ system, a group of organs that work together to perform a major function. For example, your heart is part of your circulatory system, which carries oxygen and other materials throughout your body. Besides the heart, blood vessels are organs that work in your circulatory system.

Necessary Life Functions Maintain Boundaries- internal distinct from external environment Movement- whole body or substances within the body Responsiveness- ability to respond to changes in the environment Digestion- break down foods to chemicals that can be absorbed into the bloodstream 5.  Met/ab/o/lism- break down   and synthesizing of chemicals for energy 6.  Excretion- process of removing waste from the body 7.  Reproduction-  cellular or organism 8.  Growth- increase in the size of a body part or the organism

11 Body Systems Skeletal- bones, connective tissues, framework for the body Lymphatic- immune system, houses WBC Integumentary- skin, hair, nails.  Creates barrier for internal and external environment Cardiovascular- heart, blood, blood vessels- provides means of transport

11 Body Systems Muscular- allows locomotion, maintains posture, produces heat Endocrine- glands secrete hormones for regulation, slow control Nervous- fast acting control, activates appropriate muscles and glands Respiratory- keeps blood supplied with oxygen and carbon dioxide

11 Body Systems Reproductive- to reproduce offspring and/or cells Excretory- removes wastes Digestive- breaks down foods so that they can be absorbed On the next slide, go through each body system and describe what Necessary Life Function it is responsible for. **Each life function can be associated with more than one body system (and each body system can have more than one life function)**

Skeletal- Lymphatic- Integumentary- Cardiovascular- Muscular-

Endocrine Nervous- Respiratory-

Reproductive- Urinary/Excretory- Digestive-

Directional and Anatomical Terms Anatomical Position: Body erect, palms face out, thumbs point away from the body **When referring to left or right, it is the left or right of the person, not your left or right! Divisions of the body: Appendicular- your appendages Axial- your head, neck, or trunk

Regional Terms

Directional Terms: Superior Ventral (anterior) Medial Proximal Superficial Inferior Dorsal (posterior) Lateral Distal Deep Supine Prone

Notes on Directional Terms

Body Planes/Sections Sagittal Frontal/Coronal Transverse Oblique Midsagittal Parasagittal Frontal/Coronal Transverse Oblique

Notes on Body Planes/Sections