Compare and contrast texts show how people, place, things, or ideas are alike or different. To help identify compare and contrast texts, look for words like unlike, like, on the other hand, whereas, worse, easier, and than.

Venn Diagram Alike

Compare and Contrast: What is the Purpose? To show the similarities between at least two things and/or To show the difference between two things To inform To explain To analyze To evaluate

Cause and Effect: When a passage is organized by cause and effect, the text shows that one event causes another thing to happen. Look for words/phrases like because, then, since, and as a result.

Cause and Effect Chain CCause Effect (Cause) Effect (Cause) Effect

Cause and Effect Cause Cause Effect Cause

Cause and Effect Effect Cause Effect Effect

Classification We place items in categories Classification We place items in categories. Organizing items in categories helps us identify their characteristics. Only then can we understand them enough to use (apply) them.

What does classification mean? Categories of FICTION Categories of NONFICTION Historical, Realistic, Fantasy, Adventure, Mystery, Fairy Tale Autobiography, Biography, Content Texts: Social Studies, Math, Science; News Articles