Utility of T2 mapping and dGEMRIC for evaluation of cartilage repair after allograft chondrocyte implantation in a rabbit model J. Endo, A. Watanabe,

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Utility of T2 mapping and dGEMRIC for evaluation of cartilage repair after allograft chondrocyte implantation in a rabbit model J. Endo, A. Watanabe, T. Sasho, S. Yamaguchi, M. Saito, R. Akagi, Y. Muramatsu, S. Mukoyama, J. Katsuragi, Y. Akatsu, T. Fukawa, T. Okubo, F. Osone, K. Takahashi Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 23, Issue 2, Pages 280-288 (February 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.10.012 Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Representative appearance of the chondrocyte-seeded scaffold (CS-scaffold) after 2 weeks in-vitro cultivation. (A) Histological observation of the CS-scaffold. The sample was stained with Safranin O. (B) (bar length, 100 μm). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2015 23, 280-288DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.10.012) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Macroscopic assessment of repaired tissues of the control and CS-scaffold groups at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The defects are filled with white fibrous tissues with time in both groups. The repaired tissues at 12 weeks resembled the surrounding native hyaline cartilage in both the control and CS-scaffold groups. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2015 23, 280-288DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.10.012) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Histological assessment of repaired tissues of the control and CS-scaffold groups at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Toluidine blue staining of the implanted scaffold (bar length, 500 μm). The repair tissues matured with time in both groups. The black arrows show the border between the native lesion and repaired tissue. The integration of repair tissues with native cartilage in the CS-scaffold group was smoother in the CS-scaffold group. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2015 23, 280-288DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.10.012) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Wakitani score for histological evaluation. Wakitani scores in the control and CS-scaffold groups were significantly better over time. Moreover, the CS-scaffold group was significantly better scores than control group at all time point (P < 0.05). Bars show the means ± 95% CI (n = 5 knees in each group and time point). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2015 23, 280-288DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.10.012) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 A, B Color coded T2 maps and dGEMRIC (post-contrast T1 map) of representative specimens. Color coding was performed at the osteochondral defect site (arrowhead), at the border between the defect lesion and the adjacent native cartilage (arrows), and in the adjacent native cartilage. The mean T2 and T1 values of native hyaline cartilage were approximately 30 ms and 350 ms, respectively. The color mappings in control and CS-scaffold groups had tendency to represent bluer as maturing progresses in both groups. The color mappings were conducted osteochondral defect and the adjacent native cartilage. Data are presented as the mean and 95% CI (n = 5 knees in each group and time point). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2015 23, 280-288DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.10.012) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 A, B: The T2 values and ΔR1 showed tendency to decrease with time in both groups. The significant difference between control and CS-scaffold group were seen after 8 weeks. (A) (8W: P = 0.028, 12W: P = 0.011), the significant difference between control and CS-scaffold group were seen at all time points. (B) (4W: P = 0.028, 8W: P = 0.009, 12W: P = 0.047), bars show the means ± 95% CI (n = 5 knees in each group and time point). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2015 23, 280-288DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.10.012) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Quantitative correlations between T2 values and Wakitani score in repaired tissue (A) (r = −0.67, P < 0.001), ΔR1 and Wakitani score in repaired tissue (B) (r = −0.81, P < 0.001), ΔR1 and GAG concentration (C) (r = −0.64, P < 0.001), R1 post and the GAG concentration (D) (r = −0.47, P = 0.008) (n = 30 in each graph). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2015 23, 280-288DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.10.012) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions