Nonmetals

Elements that lack most of the properties of metals Location: to the right of the zig zag line on periodic table

Physical Properties In general- opposites of metals Most are gases at room temperature Low boiling points Dull Brittle Low densities Poor conductors

Chemical Properties Most readily form a compound (except group 18)

Compounds of Nonmetals Diatomic Molecules= when molecules contain only 2 atoms Ex: O2 , Cl2 When metal reacts with nonmetal = electrons move from M to NM When NM reacts with NM, they share electrons

Families of Nonmetals

Carbon Family (Group 14) C Si Ge Sn Pb Each has 4 valence e All living things contain compounds made of carbon C Si Ge Sn Pb

Nitrogen Family (Group 15) As Sb Bi Each has 5 valence electrons 80% of our atmosphere is N2 Nitrogen compounds are found in soil Phosphorus is not stable. It’s used in matches & flares

O S Se Te Po Oxygen Family (Group 16) Each has 6 valence electrons Typically gain or share electrons O2 = oxygen gas O3 = ozone Oxygen is found mostly in Earth’s crust, but 2nd most is found in atmosphere Sulfur compounds have a strong unpleasant odor. Found in rubber bands, tires & medicine O S Se Te Po

Halogen Family (Group 17) Cl Br I At Each has 7 valence electrons Gain or share 1 electron All very reactive & most dangerous to humans F= nonstick cookware Cl= table salt & pool cleaner Br= Film for cameras

He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn Noble Gases (Group 18) “Snobby” they don’t interact with others Do not ordinarily form compounds with other elements Stable & unreactive Exist in small amounts in Earth’s atmosphere Discovered in 1800’s He= gas for balloons Ne= neon lights

H Hydrogen Has only 1 proton & 1 electron Makes up more than 90% of atoms in the universe Only 1% of Earth’s crust, oceans, & atmosphere is made up of H Is usually found combined with another element in nature H