Evolution Reflective Learner Creative Thinker Self Manager Effective L.O: Understand the theory of Natural Selection Grade 4: Describe the theory of evolution by natural selection as a process by which living things have evolved from simple life forms. Know that a mutation is a change in the DNA code. Grade 6: Describe the steps that take place during evolution by natural selection and how a mutation may lead to a new phenotype. Grade 8: Apply the theory of evolution by natural selection to suggest how a specific organism evolved. Explain why it is rare that a mutation leads to a new phenotype. Reflective Learner Creative Thinker Self Manager Effective Participator

How do you think these came about?

How do you think these came about? Due to a MUTATION

Mutation and genetic variation RECAP! Mutation and genetic variation Boardworks GCSE Science: Biology Similarity and Variation Mutation is a change in the type or amount of DNA and is therefore another cause of genetic variation. Mutations can occur spontaneously – for example, through the incorrect copying of DNA when it replicates, or through the unequal distribution of chromosomes during cell division. Mutations can also be caused by environmental factors, such as radiation (for example, UV radiation from the sun) and certain chemicals. These factors are called mutagens. Teacher notes Students could be asked about the different effects of a mutation in a body cell and a mutation in a gamete. Mutations in body cells cannot be passed on to future generations, whereas a mutation in a gamete can be passed on. Some mutations may be beneficial, but many are harmful and increase the risk of developing diseases such as cancer. 4

Variation is the basis of evolution Boardworks GCSE Science: Biology Evolution Variation is the basis of evolution There are many variations between organisms that belong to different species. These differences can help us to classify them. Organisms that are in the same species also show variation, although they will always have more in common with each other than they will with members of another species. Teacher notes Students could list all the types of variation within their class. Examples include height, skin and hair colour, tongue rolling, foot size. Some sensitivity may be needed when carrying out this discussion. What do you think causes these variations? How do the members of your class vary from each other? 6

Boardworks GCSE Science: Biology Genetic variation Boardworks GCSE Science: Biology Evolution This content is higher tier for OCR 21st Century Science. 7

Evolution all around us Boardworks GCSE Science: Biology Evolution 8

Natural selection in action: The peppered moth The peppered moth is native to the UK. It now exists in one of two forms: Light Dark

The Peppered Moth Before the 1800s, the light moth was the most common form and well camouflaged against the light bark of trees.

The Peppered Moth However, during the 1800s the industrial revolution occurred; factories were built which burned coal. All of the trees in industrial areas become darkened with soot from factories. The moths were no longer camouflaged….

The Peppered Moth A gene mutation (a change in the DNA) occurred in some moths, and their colour was much darker. The darker moths now had the advantage of camouflage.

The Peppered Moth Over the next 50 years, the dark variety become more common. Suggest how the number of light and dark forms of the peppered moth has changed in a) industrial areas? b) rural areas today?

The Peppered Moth Today, following the Clean Air Act, the light form of the moth is more common again. In industrial areas, the dark form is still the more common form.

Effective Participator Creative Thinker TASK 1 Grade 4: Modelling Natural Selection activity Grade 6: Modelling Natural Selection activity and answer the questions Grade 8:Modelling Natural Selection activity including Student follow up question Effective Participator Creative Thinker

5 minute time limit!! TASK 2 Self Reflective Manager Learner Grade 4: Exam question 1 Grade 6: Exam question 2 Grade 8: Exam question 3 5 minute time limit!! Self Manager Reflective Learner

Diamond Plenary! Reflective Learner I have learned…… A skill I have demonstrated is….. I found …….. difficult. Reflective Learner Next lesson I’d like to improve by……

Evolution Reflective Learner Creative Thinker Self Manager Effective L.O: Understand the theory of Natural Selection Grade 4: Describe the theory of evolution by natural selection as a process by which living things have evolved from simple life forms. Know that a mutation is a change in the DNA code. Grade 6: Describe the steps that take place during evolution by natural selection and how a mutation may lead to a new phenotype. Grade 8: Apply the theory of evolution by natural selection to suggest how a specific organism evolved. Explain why it is rare that a mutation leads to a new phenotype. Reflective Learner Creative Thinker Self Manager Effective Participator