Lotion Air Ice Glass L Sand Jell-O Clay A Fart S G S S S S G Solid, Liquid, or Gas? Lotion Air Ice Glass L Sand Jell-O Clay A Fart S G S S S S G

Follow along in your text Chapter 1 Sections 1-3 Pages 4 - 28 What is Matter? Follow along in your text Chapter 1 Sections 1-3 Pages 4 - 28

Scientific Method Purpose – why? Or a problem Research – look for info about it Hypothesis – I think… Experiment – test it out Analysis – review your data Conclusion – I found out that…

Which Aspirin is Strongest? You read the label on every bottle and find out which brand doctors recommend most on the internet. Research You use iodine and a pH meter to test the acidity of each brand. Experiment You think that Bayer aspirin works best before you test them. Hypothesis Based on your results, you found that Anacin works best. Conclusion You have a headache and want to know which brand of aspirin works best Purpose You examine all of the results from your test. Analysis

What is Chemistry? Chemistry concerns the properties of chemicals & the changes they undergo A chemical is any substance with a definite composition meaning that it is always made of the same stuff. Chemical Reactions are the changes that occur in chemicals and they are happening all around you all of the time.

Sunlight + water + CO2 → Sugar + O2 Chemical Reactions Let’s look at photosynthesis! Sunlight + water + CO2 → Sugar + O2 Products Right side of reaction What is formed Reactants Left side of reaction What is combined

Energy Energy Capacity to do some kind of work Heat Energy transferred between objects Temperature Measurement of average kinetic energy

Four States of Matter Solids very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around fixed shape fixed volume

Four States of Matter Liquids low KE - particles can move around but are still close together variable shape fixed volume

Four States of Matter Gases high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container variable shape variable volume

Four States of Matter Plasma very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-) gas-like, variable shape & volume stars, fluorescent light bulbs, CRTs

Energy Energy Capacity to do some kind of work Heat Energy transferred between objects Temperature Measurement of average kinetic energy

Properties of Matter Volume Space matter occupies (mL or L) Mass Amount of matter (g or kg) Not the same as weight

Physical vs. Chemical Physical Property can be observed without changing the identity of the substance Chemical Property describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity

Physical vs. Chemical Physical Change changes the form of a substance without changing its identity properties remain the same Chemical Change changes the identity of a substance products have different properties

Chemical Changes Signs of a Chemical Change change in color or odor formation of a gas or a precipitate (solid) change in light or heat

Physical vs. Chemical Examples: melting point flammable density magnetic tarnishes in air physical chemical

Physical vs. Chemical Examples: rusting iron dissolving in water burning a log melting ice grinding spices chemical physical

Can it be physically separated? Matter Flowchart MATTER yes no Can it be physically separated? MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Is the composition uniform? no yes Can it be chemically decomposed? no yes Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element Colloids Suspensions

Matter Flowchart Examples: graphite pepper sugar (sucrose) paint soda element hetero. mixture compound solution

Pure Substances Element composed of identical atoms smallest part of an element EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

Pure Substances Compound composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio properties differ from those of individual elements EX: table salt (NaCl)

Mixtures Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances. Heterogeneous Homogeneous

Mixtures Solution homogeneous very small particles no Tyndall effect particles don’t settle EX: rubbing alcohol

Mixtures Colloid heterogeneous medium-sized particles Tyndall effect particles don’t settle EX: milk

Mixtures Suspension heterogeneous large particles Tyndall effect particles settle EX: fresh-squeezed lemonade

Mixtures Examples: mayonnaise muddy water fog saltwater Italian salad dressing colloid suspension solution