Genetically Modified Organisms Biotechnology Genetically Modified Organisms

Discuss and answer the following with your partner: What is Biotechnology? How can biotechnology be used to solve a crime? Is it safe to eat genetically modified food? Why or why not? Read the green-glowing pig article: Is it ethical to use biotechnology on animal? Defend your answer with 3 examples from the article.

Biotechnology What is biotechnology? Technology based on biology Often used for Agriculture Food Science Medicine

Can vs. Should To often science is focused on if something can be done, we don’t think IF it should be done. You are going to voice your opinion.

Its happening right now! Cloning Its happening right now! Do you want to eat food from cloned organisms? Would you clone your dead pet? Your dead kid?

Is this a good or bad idea? Regenerate Body Parts People who need new parts – hearts, livers, skin, etc. – will be able to grow replacement parts Is this a good or bad idea?

Parents can now choose whether they want a boy or a girl Designer Babies Parents can now choose whether they want a boy or a girl It may be possible, through IVF, to make fertilize many eggs, screen them for diseases and undesirable traits, and then implant them into a woman Through the use of gene therapy, we may be able to insert genes into developing babies to alter them at a genetic level

Genetic Enhancement Super Humans If you could enhance your child, make him or her stronger or smarter, would you?

Immortality It may be possible some time in the future to extend the human life span to hundreds of years

DNA Review DNA is double stranded. Nucleotides link together to form a ladder with nitrogen bases in the middle. It is the order of the nitrogen bases (genes) that determines what you are going to look like. Rule: Complimentary bases ALWAYS pair together. A –T C-- G

Simulated DNA Fingerprinting Lab A. Cut out the DNA strips B. Cut out the restriction enzyme and radioactive tags C. Move the restriction enzyme along each DNA strand. Mark where the enzyme will “cut” each strand

E-F. Use the radioactive tags to mark(color) the matching complimentary bases. This “stains” the DNA strands so that you can see them (remember DNA fragments are invisible).

I-K. Cut the DNA strands where you previously marked them I-K. Cut the DNA strands where you previously marked them. Move the fragments from the well to the marker that matches their size. Glue the fragments in place. Each strand of DNA goes into a different well.

L. Answer the questions based on your DNA fingerprint Repeat this process with Rad Dad samples

Biotechnology techniques Gene splicing/recombinant DNA Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Micropipetting Gel electrophoresis Selective breeding

Gel Electrophoresis of Dyes 2013 Black wire Neg electrode Red wire pos electrode Unknown dye sample XC SC OG PY BB

Recombinant DNA transformation The recombining of DNA is called Recombinant DNA Transformation is another name for the same process where we take a gene from one organism and insert it into the DNA of another

Why would we do this??? To produce human hormones (like insulin) to treat disease (insulin is needed by diabetics) To make stronger, healthier, bigger plants (GMO foods) To learn more about the DNA sequences of organisms To make pigs that glow in the dark! (because we can!)

Transformation How do we recombine DNA from different organisms? 1.) identify the gene that you want to insert into another organism (like the gene for insulin) 2.) use a restriction enzyme to cut the gene out of the DNA. Restriction enzymes leave “sticky ends” not “blunt ends” 3.) Use the same enzyme to open a site with identical sticky ends in the host DNA. 4.) Use another enzyme (Ligase) to seal the sticky ends together with the new gene inserted into the host

How do we tell if the transformation worked? 3 possible things can happen during the transformation steps 1.) the host DNA could end up hooking back together (no transformation) 2.) the host DNA could have been transformed with just the insulin gene, but these bacteria would look like bacteria that were not transformed, and we could not separate them 3.) we can transform the host with 2 genes (insulin and something else…like glow-in-the-dark or antibiotic resistance)

How does antibiotic resistance work?

1.) Antibiotics are drugs that kill bacteria (like Ampicillin, Kanamycin, and Tetracycline. 2.)A petri dish with antibiotics would kill bacteria without resistance. 3.) Bacteria pick up plasmids (kind of like STD’s) that contain genes. Some of these genes might be for antibiotic resistance. 4.) Bacteria will live and grow on a petri dish with the antibiotics that they have a resistant gene for. These are the transformed bacteria

Lab: recombinant DNA…transformation of a bacteria plasmid (taking the human gene for making insulin and inserting it into bacteria DNA)

Case of the stolen lolipop… Webquest Case of the stolen lolipop…

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s) webquest…….

Biotechnology and Food Pro Con 1. 2. 3. ex:GMO NPR Use the videos and the articles to fill in the chart