AGENDA – 10/4 How did the development of Chinese philosophical traditions (Legalism, Confucianism, and Daoism) affect political systems, social classes, and gender roles in the Qin and Han Dynasties? Tuesday: QUIZ! Notes due! Don’t forget about p 109-114 Thursday/Friday: TESTS! Writing portion will have many prompts Map portion on either day

Warm up What type of teacher motivates you the best? Respond to the following question in your notes. What type of teacher motivates you the best? 1. A strict teacher who motivates with grades 2. A teacher who develops relationships and motivates with empathy and respect 3. A teacher who is hands off and lets “you do you” and leaves you alone

CLASSICAL CHINESE DYNASTIES Qin and Han China

But first, let’s recap! Zhou Dynasty – formally ended around 774 BCE Regional kingdoms that eventually fought each other  Warring States Period (230 years) Ends when Shi Huangdi unites the seven kingdoms into the Qin Dynasty

But first, let’s recap! During the fragmented Zhou and the Warring States Period, three philosophers start to question humanity Predict: what do problems do you think they want to solve? Why does humanity act the way it does? How do we maintain order? DRAW ON BOARD EMILY

LEGALISM Based on this statue – what do you think legalism is like? This is a statue of Lord Shang, whose principles laid the foundation for Chinese legalism. Based on this statue – what do you think legalism is like? LEGALISM

LEGALISM Powerful absolute ruler People are bad In order for people to stop being bad, you need one supreme authority figure who will bring order to chaos Powerful absolute ruler Threat of punishment will force people to give up their individuality to the absolute ruler

CONFUCIANISM Based on relationships and respect Hierarchical and harmonious relationships Society functions best when everyone plays their part Education highly important

CONFUCIANISM – 5 RELATIONSHIPS Status Age Gender Ruler  subject Father  son Husband  wife Older brother  younger brother Older friend  younger friend Filial piety  respect your elders! Loyalty, honesty, and obedience to superiors

DAOISM Dao = “the path” Goal: Create societal harmony by living according to the natural laws of the universe If something is wrong, it’s because things are unbalanced Individualistic: if you are at peace, it doesn’t matter what the world is like Formed as a result from witnessing the Warring States period

Yang DAOISM Yin Cultural institutions are harmful & unnecessary Masculine Active Light Warmth Strong Cultural institutions are harmful & unnecessary Gov’t should feed people and that’s it Humans must ignore societal rules of behavior Must seek Dao through meditation and reflection Yin Yang Feminine Passive Darkness Cold Weak Balance – if something is wrong in your life – it’s because something is unbalanced

Quick discussion: Which philosophy do you think the first leader of a united China will embrace? Why?

QIN DYNASTY – 221 – 206 BCE Shi Huangdi: “First Emperor” of China The good: Standardized weights, currency, and laws Formalized a writing system Built infrastructure: Roads Canals The Great Wall Legalists = strong central authority . Shi means first, huang means emperor. Why was he able to do all these things? BC he had all the power

QIN DYNASTY – 221 – 206 BCE Shi Huangdi: “First Emperor” of China The bad: The Great Wall Million+ laborers Peasants, rebels, dissenters Many deaths Legalists = strong central authority

QIN DYNASTY – 221 – 206 BCE Shi Huangdi: “First Emperor” of China The bad but also impressive: Terra Cotta Army Wanted to be immortal 700,000 workers, tomb covers 8 sq miles Builders buried alive with the emperor when he died  didn’t want robbers to learn of the vast riches Legalists = strong central authority

QIN DYNASTY – 221 – 206 BCE Shi Huangdi: “First Emperor” of China The ugly: According to legend, Shi Huangdi died of poisoning Burned books Killed scholars (Confucian) Thought he was drinking an elixir of mortality Destroyed opposition

QUICK DISCUSSION: Which quote do you agree with more, and why? Quote 1: “[Shi Huangdi] placed deceit and violence above kindness and justice, making tyranny the foundation of his empire.” – The Sins of Qin Quote 2: “Qin Shi Huangdi was a conqueror, a unifier, a centralizer, a standardizer, a builder, and a destroyer.”

Now what? What philosophy will the next Chinese dynasty embrace? Why?

HAN DYNASTY: 206BCE – 220CE How will Confucian values impact the government of the Han Dynasty?

HAN DYNASTY: 206BCE – 220CE POLITICS: Expanded empire Defeated Xiognu Strong bureaucracy Not based on heredity – based on passing an exam Civil Service Exam Based on Confucian principles Scholar bureaucrats called shi

HAN DYNASTY: 206BCE – 220CE Took away land from the wealthy POLITICS: Why?

HAN DYNASTY: 206BCE – 220CE SOCIAL: Confucian values affected social constructs Why?

HAN DYNASTY: 206BCE – 220CE Economics: China’s innovation and connection to trade led to extraordinary wealth Brush pen  calligraphy Water mills Rudders Compasses Silk Acupuncture

Closure – MULAN!! While watching and listening to two of the songs in Mulan, take notes of: Male and female roles Chinese philosophies present https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U Ovmmu4O7fE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R qrV6wefC78

Closure: Look back at your warmup answer. Is the same true for government? Which dynasty would you rather live in – Qin or Han? Why?