Https://Changing the Oceans - Mr. Parr Currents https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJetlz5o3O4&feature=youtu.be http://www.hippocampus.org/HippoCampus/?user=deallen&playlist=Oceans%2C+Tides+and+Currents.

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Presentation transcript:

https://Changing the Oceans - Mr. Parr Currents https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJetlz5o3O4&feature=youtu.be http://www.hippocampus.org/HippoCampus/?user=deallen&playlist=Oceans%2C+Tides+and+Currents

Surface currents Frictional drag due to winds Follow global wind patterns Circulate between 10s-100s of years Continents affect surface current patterns Other factors: Gravity Friction Coriolis Effect

Deep/Density Currents 90% of world ocean “Global Conveyor Belt” Below pycnocline Large volumes of seawater Extremely slow speed – takes 1000s of years Each ocean basin is similar in deep-ocean circulation

The Coriolis Force 1. The deflection of air/water on the surface due to the earth’s rotation 2. Deflection is 45o to the direction of wind 3. Landmasses play a role too

Northern Hemisphere Rotation: Clockwise

Southern Hemisphere Rotation Counterclockwise

Eddies Packets of water moving with a circular motion. Usually small offshoots of currents

Gyres Circular flow of water in an ocean. Usually made of 2-4 currents.

Ocean Layers and Vertical Mixing 3 Factors Affecting Ocean Layers ** Pycnocline: where density changes rapidly with depth ** Thermocline: where temperature changes rapidly with depth (cold water is denser) ** Halocline: where salinity changes rapidly with depth

Measuring Currents Current Meter – measures speed and direction of current; must be anchored in place Drift Bottles – good indicator of start and recovery pts. But not path of travel. Satellites – best tool for the job overall.

Divergence Divergence (Upwellings) Zones are areas where surface currents are moving away from each other, deep water rises (full of nutrients) so biological productivity is high Paste it:

Convergence Convergence (Downwellings) Zones are areas where surface currents are moving towards each other, meet and go down taking nutrients away and biological productivity is low. Paste it:

Global Wind Belts