KINGDOM PROTISTA

Characteristics Unicellular or Colonial (some algae) Eukaryotic Unicellular or Colonial (some algae) Heterotrophic or Autotrophic Require moist conditions to thrive. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCfg3sywC7k http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cLWKDhBYxo&feature=related

Importance of Protists Bottom of Food Chains (largest biomass of many aquatic ecosystems) Photosynthesis (create as much as 80% of the oxygen) Control Bacterial populations (yum, yum) esp. aquatic Act as Decomposers – recycle organic matter  Assist Many Animals With Digestion – break down plants in guts of many vertebrates  Cause Many Diseases (Malaria, Beaver Fever, Dysentery, African Sleeping Sickness, Montezuma’s revenge…)

Reproduction Asexual = BINARY FISSION Sexual = CONJUGATION

CLASSIFICATION phytoplankton zooplankton plasmodium Plant-like protists (algae) Autotrophic (photosynthetic) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQYKa5AofQ8 Animal-like protists (protozoans) Heterotrophic zooplankton http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LuXMz3j9E8k&feature=related plasmodium Fungi-like protists (slime molds) Heterotrophic http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leKI3Cv9YYw&feature=related

Zooplankton = The Protozoans 4 phyla Phyla Sarcodina Phyla Mastigophora Phyla Ciliophora Phyla Sporozoa

Phyla Sarcodina The Amoebas Heterotrophic MOVE WITH PSEUDOPODS (false feet) Cytoplasmic streaming Phagocytosis (engulf prey) into food vacuoles Can parasitize humans (ie: amoebic dysentery) Reproduce asexually = binary fission http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pR7TNzJ_pA&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6rnhiMxtKU&feature=related

Phyla Mastigophora The FLAGELLATED protozoans Many are parasitic Trypanosoma (African sleeping sickness) Spread by Tstse Fly Form cysts that are transferred to hosts http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAqLCB5K1JA&feature=PlayList&p=7AFEDB6DC4C93F2A&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=7 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ga47X8I1iNg&feature=related

TSTSE FLY

Phyla Sporozoa CAN’T MOVE around SPORES! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dyBWjN1e31A&feature=related CAN’T MOVE around SPORES! Are all parasites that parasitize animals Malaria carried by Anopheles Mosquito Cryptosporidium

malaria complex life cycle

Phyla Ciliophora The CILIATED Protozoans Complex Swim with cilia Usually Asexual = binary fission Sexual = conjugation  

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGAm6hMysTA&feature=related

phytoplankton 3 phyla Phyla Euglenophyta Phyla Chrysophyta Phyla Pyrrophyta

Phyla Euglenophyta Euglena Have flagella Autotrophic, but can be heterotrophic in darkness http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rNI8Bos_BQ&feature=related

VOLVOX: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0Y7k4gOYko&feature=related CHLAMYDOMONAS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkZjzILqwzQ

Phyla Pyrrophyta The Dinoflagellates Most of the phytoplankton Can cause ‘red tide’ All autotrophic Can bioluminesce   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSmJwlvRyHI&feature=related

Phyla Chrysophyta The Diatoms Have silica (glass) shells Some are flagellated Are all autotrophic http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JYB5529hDPI&feature=fvsr

plasmodium 1 phyla Phyla Myxomycota http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkVhLJLG7ug&feature=related

Phyla Myxomycota The SLIME MOLDS (fungi like protists) Heterotrophic Decomposers Spend most of their lives as separate single-celled amoeboid or flagellated protists In unfavorable conditions, the cells come together to make a sporangia which releases spores. When conditions become favorable again, these spores become protists again! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBAEkwNeRwA

SLIMY

VOLVOX (a colonial protist) This is a colony. The cells can live independently, but associate for reproduction. The volvox is a hollow ball of cells. Significance? Ancestors like them were probably the evolutionary ancestors of multicellular animals.