Volume 95, Issue 5, Pages (September 2008)

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Volume 95, Issue 5, Pages 2415-2422 (September 2008) Oxygen Pressurized X-Ray Crystallography: Probing the Dioxygen Binding Site in Cofactorless Urate Oxidase and Implications for Its Catalytic Mechanism Nathalie Colloc’h, Laure Gabison, Gérald Monard, Muhannad Altarsha, Mohamed Chiadmi, Guillaume Marassio, Jana Sopkova-de Oliveira Santos, Mohamed El Hajji, Bertrand Castro, Jacques H. Abraini, Thierry Prangé Biophysical Journal Volume 95, Issue 5, Pages 2415-2422 (September 2008) DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.122184 Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Omit map calculated by subtracting dioxygen phase contribution. The dioxygen molecule, observed here in the structure with 1.0MPa (10 bars) oxygen pressure, is located within the active site above the inhibitor mean plane, surrounded by three conserved residues (Thr-57*, Asn-254, and His-256) (Contour levels at 3σ above the average background). This figure was produced with the visualization software PYMOL (DeLano Scientific, San Carlos, CA). Biophysical Journal 2008 95, 2415-2422DOI: (10.1529/biophysj.107.122184) Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Putative urate oxidation cascade. This suggested mechanism is deduced from the active site topology based on structural results and known reported spectroscopic data. Biophysical Journal 2008 95, 2415-2422DOI: (10.1529/biophysj.107.122184) Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Description of the active site built at the interface of two subunits of UOX. (A) Because uric acid lies in the same position as uric-acid-like inhibitors, it is stacked with Phe-159 and hydrogen-bonded to the enzyme through a molecular tweezers composed by the conserved Arg-176 and Gln-228. The Val-227 is, moreover, hydrogen-bonded to the substrate through its main chain nitrogen and has its hydrophobic side chain lining the xenon-binding cavity. The five-membered ring of uric acid is linked to a symmetrical monomer of the enzyme through three hydrogen bonds: one between the N7 and the main chain NH of Thr-57*, the second between the O8 and the main chain NH of Asp-58*, and the third between the N9 and the conserved water molecule W2 (* indicates a symmetric residue). The survey of hydrogen atoms at the optimal pH of the reaction (pH 7–10) within the active site would then favor a [N3− N7−] urate dianion. For clarity, only polar hydrogen atoms are displayed. (B) The active site showing the activated W1 molecule and the catalytic triad Thr-57*, Lys-10*, and His-256 (with W3 and W2 in relay), which can abstract a proton from the urate monoanion. The common site of W1 and the dioxygen molecule is shown above the plane of urate (W1 in hydrogen-bonded to Thr-57* and Asn-254 side chains). The hydrogen atoms are not displayed. These figures were produced with the visualization software InsightII (Accelrys, San Diego, CA). Biophysical Journal 2008 95, 2415-2422DOI: (10.1529/biophysj.107.122184) Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Biophysical Journal 2008 95, 2415-2422DOI: (10. 1529/biophysj. 107 Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions