Flavonoid analyses of petal extracts.

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Flavonoid analyses of petal extracts. Flavonoid analyses of petal extracts. (A) A schematic of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, with branches leading to flavone and flavonol biosyntheses. (B) Absorption spectra of the wild-type LF10 (solid line) and homozygous mutant (dotted line) petal extracts in 60% methanol solution. Spectra were normalized to one at the absorption maxima. The heterozygous mutant showed the same spectrum as the wild-type. (C and D) MS-ESI (negative mode) of flavonoid extract from wild-type petals (C) and homozygous mutant petals (D). (E) MSMS-ESI of the 625 m/z molecular ion in (C) (the 761 m/z molecular ion showed a very similar fragmentation pattern). (F) MSMS-ESI of the 519 m/z molecular ion in (D). (G and H) Chemical structures of apigenin-7-glucuronide (G), naringenin (H) and the respective cleavage patterns identified in (E) and (F) indicated by dotted lines. Chemical structures (G and H) were generated using ChemDrawPrime software (v16.0). ANS, anthocyanidin synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; CHS, chalcone synthase; DFR, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; ESI, electrospray ionization; F3H, flavonoid 3-hydroxylase; FLS, flavonol synthase; FNS, flavone synthase; MS, mass spectrometry; UF3GT, UDP-3-O-glucosyltransferases. Amy M. LaFountain et al. G3 2017;7:3947-3954 ©2017 by Genetics Society of America