Notes #1 Present Indicative Tense

I. Verb Endings o amos o emos o imos as áis es éis es ís The present tense is formed by dropping the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and adding the following endings: -ar -er -ir o amos o emos o imos as áis es éis es ís a an e en e en

II. Irregular Yo forms a. –go verbs salir salgo salimos sales salís sale salen similar verbs: tener venir decir hacer oír poner seguir conseguir traer caerse valer- to be worth Always point out “seguir” as an important word. 2. Remind them that some also have other changes (“tener,” “decir,” “oir” etc.)

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) b. –oy verbs dar doy damos das dais da dan similar verbs: ir ser estar (*accent marks)

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) c. –zco verbs conocer conozco conocemos conoces conocéis conoce conocen similar verbs: merecer- to deserve nacer- to be born obedecer - to obey parecerse- to look like (somebody) conducir producir reducir traducir

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) d. –jo verbs occurs in all –ger & –gir verbs coger- to catch, to grasp cojo cogimos coges cogís coge cogen similar verbs: recoger- to pick up escoger- to choose, to pick exigir- to demand, to require fingir- to pretend SAT word- point out that “exigir” is related to “exigent”- demanding 2. Point out that “recoger” is both items & people (to swing by & get someone) 3. Warn students that “coger” in some countries (Mexico, Venezuela, Argentina) has an obsence, crude sexual connotation.

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) e. miscellaneous verbs saber- sé ver- veo convencer (to convince)- convenzo caber (to fit into)- quepo

II. Stem-changing verbs a. e to ie pensar pienso pensamos piensas pensáis piensa piensan similar verbs: cerrar comenzar divertirse despertarse empezar mentir- to lie preferir sentarse sentir- to be sorry sentirse- to feel Sentir- to feel sorry “lo siento” Sentirse- to feel an emotion, to touch “me siento enfermo”

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) similar verbs: acostarse almorzar contar- to count, to tell a story devolver- to return an item dormir encontrar jugar (u to ue) morir mostrar- to show recordar- to remember poder b. o to ue volver vuelvo volvemos vuelves volvéis vuelve vuelven

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) c. e to i pedir pido pedimos pides pedís pide piden similar verbs: despedirse- to say goodbye reñir- to argue, to fight repetir servir vestirse *seguir conseguir- to get, to obtain Point out that “seguir” (conseguir, perseguir, etc) have an irregular yo “sigo”

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) d. –y verbs occurs in –uir verbs huir- to flee huyo huimos huyes huís huye huyen similar verbs: oír* construir- to construct incluir- to include concluir- to conclude influir- to influence Point out that “oir” has the irregular yo “oigo” form. 2. I point out that “guir” are –go verbs (seguir, conseguir, perseguire, etc) and “uir” are –y verbs

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) e. oler- to smell, to stink huelo olemos hueles oléis huele huelen 1. Point out that “oler” has multiple “meanings”– flowers, perfume & people smell nice; your nose smells fragrances, odors; sweaty feet stink

III. Accent verbs a. –iar & –uar verbs Some – iar and – uar verbs (exceptions include estudiar, limpiar, copiar, etc.) have accent marks in a stem-changing pattern. continuar- to continue continúo continuamos continúas continuáis continúa continúan similar verbs: actuar- to act graduarse- to graduate enviar- to send confiar- to confide in, to entrust espiar- to spy fiarse- to trust Point out that the vosotros form still has the normal accent on the “áis” I usually point out this is the “estar” linguisitc group

III. Accent verbs (continued) b. reír - to laugh sonreír - to smile ALL forms have an accent mark over the letter í sonrío sonreímos sonríes sonreís sonríe sonríen 1. The “se” is linguisitcally not reflexive in the English sense; the “se” makes it a transitive verb (meaning it projects/ transports the action onto another person or idea)- mention that English teachers use the terms “transitive & instransitive”– instransitive, just one person/items doing the action– transitive, direct/indirect concept– somebody else 2. “Hacer reír/sonreir”- to make laugh, smile– Los chistes siempre me hacen reir. Ramon siempre sonrie cuando ve a Isabel