OSCAR/Surface The Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review tool for Surface-based observations Luis Nunes WIGOS Project Office

Outline OSCAR and the RRR The three Databases of OSCAR The WIGOS Metadata Standard The Website of OSCAR/Surface The Machine-to-Machine API & other developments Training efforts

Outline OSCAR and the RRR The three Databases of OSCAR The WIGOS Metadata Standard The Website of OSCAR/Surface The Machine-to-Machine API & other developments Training efforts

The Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review tool - OSCAR Web-based platform for WIGOS Land, air, ocean and space observations Current and historic metadata Requirements vs capabilities (RRR) Facilitating network planning For all WMO Application Areas Supporting your service to society.

The Rolling Review of Requirements (RRR) Congress resolution: All WMO and WMO co-sponsored observing systems shall use the RRR to design networks, plan evolution and assess performance. RRR is the WMO process to collect, check and record user requirements for all WMO application areas and match them against observational capabilities Statements of Guidance are the result of gap analysis: They show us how well each application area is supported by WIGOS;

The WMO Application Areas Global numerical weather prediction High-resolution numerical weather prediction Nowcasting and very short range forecasting Seasonal and inter-annual forecasting Aeronautical meteorology Forecasting atmospheric composition Monitoring atmospheric composition Atmospheric composition for urban applications Ocean applications Agricultural meteorology Hydrology Climate monitoring (as undertaken through GCOS) Climate applications Space weather

The WIGOS Pre-Operational Phase (2016-2019) Five main priority areas: National WIGOS Implementation, coordination and governance mechanisms WIGOS Regulatory Material, supplemented with necessary guidance material WIGOS Information Resource, including OSCAR, especially OSCAR/Surface WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System (WDQMS) Regional Structure; Regional WIGOS Centers Priority areas III and IV will enable us to: Describe what WIGOS is, and Measure how well it performs Initial role of this priority area (RWCs): Provide support for areas III and IV

Outline OSCAR and the RRR The three Databases of OSCAR The WIGOS Metadata Standard The Website of OSCAR/Surface The Machine-to-Machine API & other developments Training efforts

OSCAR WIGOS and the RRR are supported by 3 databases of OSCAR: OSCAR/Requirements, Requirements for observations (each AA) independent of technology , Expressed in units of geophysical variables (260 in total currently); OSCAR/Space Capabilities of all satellite sensors, whether historical, operational or planned OSCAR/Surface Surface-based capabilities; developed by MeteoSwiss for WMO oscar.wmo.int/surface "What is WIGOS"

OSCAR/Requirements For each AA, the following requirements are included: Spatial resolution (horizontal and vertical) Temporal resolution (Observing cycle) Uncertainty, Data latency, Each requirement is expressed in terms of 3 separate values: Threshold (observations not useful unless this is met) Break-through (optimum cost-benefit ratio) Goal (exceeding this provides no additional benefit) Established by CBS and other WMO Expert Teams and Task Teams with contributions from the scientific community

Example of Variable: horizontal wind

OSCAR/Surface (1) Repository of metadata for all surface-based observations Highly heterogeneous with multiple owners and operators For surface and upper-air stations, aircraft, ships, buoys, radars Practical implementation of the WIGOS Metadata Standard What should go into OSCAR/Surface? All WIGOS stations - mandatory for those exchanging data internationally Use OSCAR even when data is not shared OSCAR can be used as national station DB Use it for network planning and documenting observing systems evolution

OSCAR/Surface (2) OSCAR/Surface is replacing WMO Pub. 9, Volume A, will also include information from inventories for non-GOS components Developed jointly by WMO and MeteoSwiss Operational mode started May 2, 2016 Transition period will last for 2 years: Members should provide their WIGOS metadata directly in OSCAR Or continue to use the existing WMO procedures for Vol.A Major priority for 2016-19: Training to Members in populating, editing and using OSCAR/Surface

Initial data integration into OSCAR/Surface # stations GAWSIS Global Atmosphere Watch stations = 1.053 WMO Pub 9 Vol A Catalogue of GOS stations >13.026 JCOMMOPS Marine element of GOS / GOOS >11.387 WMO Radar DB World-wide weather radars >762 Amdar Coming soon …

First Results of OSCAR/Surface operational Worldwide distribution of access

Outline OSCAR and the RRR The three Databases of OSCAR The WIGOS Metadata Standard The Website of OSCAR/Surface The Machine-to-Machine API & Other Developments Training efforts

WIGOS Metadata Standard (WMDS) WIGOS metadata = observational metadata: enables data values to be interpreted; It is not discovery metadata, related to data access and retrieval: part of WIS - WMO Information System WMDS is a semantic standard: Describes the elements to be reported Applicable to all observing systems: In-situ, remote, fixed, mobile, on land, on sea, on ice, on rivers, etc Meant to be used by all 14 Application Areas: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/OSY/GOS-RRR.html

WIGOS Metadata Standard (WMDS) Developed by Task Team on WIGOS Metadata of ICG-WIGOS 1st version approved by Cg as part of Manual on WIGOS: http://library.wmo.int/pmb_ged/wmo_1160_en.pdf#page=48 It has entered into force for WMO Members on 1 July 2016 What Members will have to do to comply with the Tech.Regs. (WMO-No. 49, Vol. I, Part I – WIGOS and Manual on WIGOS): Collect and keep records of WIGOS metadata Provide WIGOS metadata for observations exchanged internationally Review current entries in OSCAR/Surface and keep them up-to-date Guidance on WMDS is included in the 1stEd. of Guide to WIGOS: available online since June 2016

WIGOS Metadata Standard (WMDS) Metadata reporting obligations: Mandatory - Required for all WIGOS stations/platforms Conditional - Required if applicable (e.g. instrument calibration is not applicable to a human observer) Optional – Desirable/useful, but non-compulsory WMDS Implementation Phases:

WIGOS Metadata Standard (WMDS) Implementation Phases Extract of the WMDS elements per Implementation Phases

Outline OSCAR and the RRR The three Databases of OSCAR The WIGOS Metadata Standard The Website of OSCAR/Surface The Machine-to-Machine API & other developments Training efforts

OSCAR/Surface Website: oscar.wmo.int/surface

OSCAR/Surface Website Screenshots: RA I Zooming in…

Example of the Details of a station

Security and user management The authorization process is based on «trust-relationships» and various «user roles» Edit all stations in country Also: register new contact NFP Station contact Admin Register Edit assigned stations Each Member need to have an active National Focal Point for OSCAR/Surface

Outline OSCAR and the RRR The three Databases of OSCAR The WIGOS Metadata Standard The Website of OSCAR/Surface The Machine-to-Machine API & other developments Training efforts

The Machine-to-machine interface (M-2-M) To be used by individual Members: WIGOS metadata exchange format is under review Based on standards OGC O&M / ISO19156 Supports XML, possibly JSON Possibly provision of CSV templates for station, observations, instruments, contacts, etc. Specification of API is in progress Transactions of full records Transactions of partial records («deltas») Approval planned by CBS-16 in Nov 2016

Outline OSCAR and the RRR The three Databases of OSCAR The WIGOS Metadata Standard The Website of OSCAR/Surface The Machine-to-Machine API & other developments Training efforts

Training efforts Several workshops/training events were held in 2015 Need hands-on training for OSCAR/Surface Nat.Focal Points Type of training Content Audience Region Language Date Classroom Web interface NFPs O/S RA I French 4th Q 2016 English 1st Q 2017 RA III/IV Spanish RA VI 2nd Q 2017 RA II RA V 3rd Q 2017 Webinar M-2-M interface Members IT staff RA IV/VI RA III/VI RA II/V 4th Q 2017

Credits Project Team at MeteoSwiss (current) Project Team at WMO J Klausen, L Cappelletti, B Calpini, M Musa, M Brändli, L Koppa, C Walder, E Grüter, S Sandmeier, M Schäfer, A Rubli, T Hager, Attila Loos; (past) J Mannes, S Spreitzer, M Leutenegger, C Sigg, M Abbt, W Brunelli, J Mettler Project Team at WMO W Zhang, LP Riishojgaard, E Charpentier, J Lafeuille, T Pröscholdt Project Team at European Dynamics N Michas, T Galousis, C Kaskoura, M Ulmann, L Christou, N Pappa, … ICG-WIGOS, TT-WMD, IPET-MDRD (current) S Barrell, B Calpini, … K Monnik, J Klausen, J Swaykos, T Boston, U Looser, E Büyükbas, L Zhao, A Mestre, T Oakley, S Foreman, D Lockett, L Nunes; (past) R Atkinson D Lowe, J Tandy, … JCOMMOPS, GAW WDCs, NDACC, ET-WDC, …

Thank you lfnunes@wmo.int www.wmo.int/wigos