ELEC-E8423 - Smart Grid Modelling of Electric Vehicle Charging Load Elias Koivulehto Soh Wei Siang Jonathan

Introduction General Info on EVs Motivations for EV Charging Models for EV Charging Load

General Info on EVs EVs engine is powered by electricity from an on-board battery Three levels of charging: Level 1: Slow charging, charging generally takes from 12-18 hours using 120V outlet to fully charge a fully depleted battery Level 2: Charging can speed up ten times compared to level 1 and decrease the charging times down to 3-8 hour Level 3: Fast Charging takes down the charging times to minutes using high levels of voltage and current

Motivations for EV Charging Cost savings Subsidies provided by government Huge mileage savings as compared to fuel Environmentally friendly Positive reduction of petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas emissions Less dependence on renewable energy which can be volatile

Stochastic modelling of the charging loads

Model 1: Statistical model Random variables: -The time of switching on an individual charger. -Initial state-of-charge (SOC) of the EV battery. Distributions needed?

Battery charging characteristics

Model 1 structure

Model 1 results

Model 2: probabilistic model Factors taken into account in the model:

Model 2: household load formulation

State transition model and simulation

Conclusions EV can provide greater cost and energy savings in the long run More subsidies and charging stations can be set up to encourage consumers to switch to EV in Finland EV charging load can be modelled stochastically, using information of charging characteristics, driving habits and times and state-of-charge distribution of the vehicles.

Sources https://www.virta.global/news/finnish-government-boosts-ev-charging-infrastructure https://www.virta.global/news/ev-charging-101-how-much-electricity-does-an-electric-car-use http://www.sahkoinenliikenne.fi/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/The-development-of-Finnish-electric-mobility_-A-review-of-design-principles_2012.pdf https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/120033/Muhonen%20Santeri.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.libproxy.aalto.fi/abstract/document/5535237 https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/10/9/1351/htm