Political parties emerge Chapter 9 Section 3 Political parties emerge

I. Distrust of Political Parties Americans distrusted political parties because they saw how factions worked in Britain. 1. Members of factions plotted to win gov’t favors and bribes. 2. More interested in personal gain than in the public good B. Americans saw political parties as a threat to national unity. Washington warned against political parties Factions grew in Washington’s own cabinet between Jefferson and Hamilton.

II. Differing Views A. Manufacturing or Farming 1. Hamilton 2. Jefferson Wanted the country to model itself after Britain. Thought the government should encourage manufacturing and trade. Favored the growth of cities and the merchant class Thought that farmers rather than merchants were the backbone of the new nation. Feared that a manufacturing economy would corrupt the US by concentrating power in the hands of the wealthy.

B. Strength of Federal Gov’t. 1. Hamilton 2. Jefferson Wanted a strong federal government to increase commerce. He felt it would also restrain mob violence like that of the Whiskey Rebellion Wanted the federal government as small as possible, in order to protect individual freedom. He feared a strong federal government might take over powers that the Constitution gave to states.

C. Interpretation of the Constitution 1. Hamilton 2. Jefferson Hamilton preferred a looser interpretation of the Constitution. Stated that the Constitution gave Congress the power to make all laws necessary to carry out its duties. Hamilton argued that the bank was necessary for government to collect taxes and pay its bills Wanted a strict interpretation of the Constitution Worried that the national bank would give to much power to wealthy investors who would run it and the government. States that no where did the Constitution give Congress the power to set up a bank.

D. Allies Hamilton a. Wanted close ties with Great Britain, as a major trading partner. 2. Jefferson a. Favored France, the First ally of the US.

III. Development of Political Parties In Congress, all of Hamilton’s programs were being passed, angering Jefferson. Jefferson and Madison journeyed to New York to gain support from its politicians. 1. Governor George Clinton 2. Aaron Burr- fierce critic of Hamilton C. Soon leaders in other states began to support either Hamilton or Jefferson. D. Newspapers also took sides, mixing rumor, opinion and fact. Newspapers had a great influence on public opinion.

Start of Political Parties Jefferson (grew into modern Democratic Party) Believed people should lead nation Favored strong state gov. Emphasized agriculture Strict interpretation of Constitution. Pro-French Opposed national bank Opposed Protective tariff Farmers ( common farmers) Artisans (black smiths, painters, shoe makers, etc..) Some wealthy planters (plantations) Hamilton & Adams Believed Wealthy and Well Educated should lead nation. Favored Strong Federal Gov. Emphasized manufacturing, shipping, and trade Loose interpretation of Constitution. Favored national bank Favored protective tariff Merchants Manufacturers Wealthy planters (plantations

IV. Election of 1796 Republicans supported Jefferson as President and Aaron Burr as Vice President B. Federalists supported John Adams for President and Thomas Pinckney for Vice President

C. Constitution states that the person with the most electoral votes became President and the second highest becomes Vice President. Adams (Federalist) President Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) Vice-President