• Describe the structure, general formula and uses of halogenoalkanes. Week 18 • Describe the structure, general formula and uses of halogenoalkanes. • Describe and explain the nature of the carbon–halogen bond and its susceptibility to nucleophilic attack. • Define the term nucleophile as an electron pair donor. © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

3-bromo-2-chloropentane Week 18 3-bromo-2-chloropentane © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Polarity of the carbon-halogen bond Week 18 Polarity of the carbon-halogen bond © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Polarity of the carbon-halogen bond decreases down the group Week 18 Polarity of the carbon-halogen bond decreases down the group © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Week 18 • Describe the hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes as a nucleophilic substitution reaction. • Describe the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in the hydrolysis of primary halogenoalkanes with hot aqueous alkali. • Explain the rates of primary halogenoalkane hydrolysis in terms of the relative bond enthalpies of carbon–halogen bonds. © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Mechanism for nucleophilic substitution Week 18 Mechanism for nucleophilic substitution © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Curly arrows are used to represent the movement of electron pairs Week 18 Curly arrows are used to represent the movement of electron pairs © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Rates of hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes Week 18 Rates of hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Week 18 • Outline the uses of chloroethene and tetrafluoroethene in the production of the plastics PVC and PTFE. • Explain why CFCs were first developed and their subsequent effect on the ozone layer. • Outline the role of ‘green’ chemistry in minimising damage to the environment by promoting alternatives to CFCs. © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

The polymerisation of tetrafluoroethene produces PTFE or Teflon Week 18 The polymerisation of tetrafluoroethene produces PTFE or Teflon © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

The polymerisation of chloroethene to produce PVC Week 18 The polymerisation of chloroethene to produce PVC © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

R-22 (CHCIF2) – the main HCFC used today as a refrigerant Week 18 R-22 (CHCIF2) – the main HCFC used today as a refrigerant © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original