Advanced Boiler Control for Biomass and Chemical Recovery Boilers For improved boiler stability and safety, fuel cost efficiency, and environmental compliance, using Advanced Control and Optimization strategies and implemented in existing DCSs. Woodfeeders Short-term Combustion Long-term Combustion 0 h 24 h Simultaneously Reduces Fuel Costs and Emissions (Particulates, CO2). Advanced Control of Combustion Air and Gas, Steam Drum Level, and Header Pressure. Optimization for Multi-Fuel Firing, Air-Fuel Ratios, and Air Distribution. Multi-fuel Combustion Rate Model. Boiler Master with Load Allocation and Comprehensive Constraint Control. Burner Management and Optimization. Chemical Recovery Boiler Throughput, Consumed Air, and Air Distribution Optimization. Active Control of the Solid Fuel Distribution on the Grate. Grate Cleaning and Restart Optimization. Advanced Boiler Control CIMExcel Software Inc. Slide 1 1

Advanced Boiler Control Harmac No.9 Power Boiler Hog steam was increased by 60 kpph (180 -> 240 kpph, with a 450 kpph MCR, with hog fuel moisture of 57 %, resulting in a reduction of 15 barrels of oil per hour – from 35 barrels per hour) Port Townsend Paper No.10 Power Boiler During a manual trial, the ABC technology increased the hog steam by 70 kpph (140 -> 210 kpph, with a 250 kpph MCR, with hog fuel moisture of 56 %, resulting in the removal of all 17.5 barrels of oil per hour). During another trial, the particulate matter emissions were reduced by 40% (from the permitted value) during the same hog fuel firing rate. Port Angeles No.8 Power Boiler During a manual trial, the ABC technology increased the hog steam by 30 kpph (70 -> 100 kpph, with a 120 kpph MCR, with hog fuel moisture of 60 %, resulting in the removal of all 8 barrels of oil per hour was removed). Advanced Boiler Control CIMExcel Software Inc. Slide 2 2

Biomass / Solid Waste - Fuel Boiler Control Loops Combustion Rate Model Boiler Master / Load Allocation FDS Pressure Setpoint Furnace Pressure Setpoint Boiler Steam Temperature Setpoint Steam Drum Level Superheater Steam Temperature Primary Fuel Master Auxiliary Fuel Master FD Supply Pressure Furnace Pressure Auxiliary Air-Fuel Ratio Primary Fuel Feeders Feedwater Flow Valve Attemperator Flow Valve FD Fan Damper Positioner ID Fan Damper Positioner Primary Air-Fuel Ratio Burner Management and Optimization Feeder Profiling FD Fan Speed Controller ID Fan Speed Controller Primary / Secondary Distribution Auxiliary Air 1 Lead/Lag Auxiliary Air 2 Lead/Lag Feeder Distributors Auxiliary Air 1 Mass Flow Auxiliary Fuel Mass Flow Auxiliary Air 2 Mass Flow OF1/2 Damper Positioners Feeder Distributor Speed Controllers UG1/2 Damper Positioners Feeder Speed Controllers AA1 Damper Positioner Auxiliary Fuel Valve AA2 Damper Positioner Auxiliary Fuel Burners Advanced Boiler Control CIMExcel Software Inc. Slide 3 3

Chemical Recovery Boiler Control Loops Superheater Steam Temperature Combustion Rate Model Boiler Load Allocation FDS Pressure Setpoint Furnace Pressure Setpoint Boiler Steam Temperature Setpoint Steam Drum Level Superheater Steam Temperature BLS Throughput Optimization Auxiliary Fuel Master FD Supply Pressure Furnace Pressure Auxiliary Air-Fuel Ratio Feedwater Flow Valve Attemperator Flow Valve Total Air Control FD Fan Damper Positioner ID Fan Damper Positioner Auxiliary Air Lead/Lag FD Fan Speed Controller ID Fan Speed Controller Consumed Air Control Tertiary Air Damper Positioner Auxiliary Air Mass Flow Auxiliary Fuel Mass Flow Secondary Air Damper Positioner BLS Flow Control Valve Primary Air Damper Positioner Auxiliary Air Damper Positioner Auxiliary Fuel Valve Advanced Boiler Control CIMExcel Software Inc. Slide 4 4

Combustion Rate Model – Biomass Boiler CRM calculates the combustion rate of the variable quality biomass fuel during steady and unsteady boiler operation. CRM can determine the Combustion Rate Distribution on the Grate using an array of Thermocouples. CRM is used to optimize the undergrate and overfire air distribution, and to maximize the biomass combustion. CRM Inputs Biomass Combustion Rate: 125 MW Combustion Rate Distribution on the Grate (for each Feeder and front - middle - back locations) Advanced Boiler Control CIMExcel Software Inc. Slide 5 5

Combustion Rate Model – Chemical Recovery Boiler CRM calculates the combustion rate of the variable quality black liquor fuel during steady and unsteady boiler operation. CRM is used to optimize the primary, secondary, and tertiary air distribution, and to increase the steam efficiency. CRM Inputs Black Liquor Combustion Rate: 150 MW Advanced Boiler Control CIMExcel Software Inc. Slide 6 6

Multi-Fuel Boiler Model and Simulator for off-line control strategy testing, tuning, checkout, optimization, and for operator training Advanced Boiler Control CIMExcel Software Inc. Slide 7 7

Babcock& Wilcox Heat Transfer Data Steam Properties Multi-Fuel Boiler Model and Simulator – First Principles and Empirical Data Model Babcock& Wilcox Heat Transfer Data Steam Properties Equipment Data Boiler SGS Performance Curves Advanced Boiler Control CIMExcel Software Inc. Slide 8 8