© WTEC 2010 Welcome

© WTEC 2010 In keeping with integrated community sustainability strategies and plans it is WTECs goal to provide a logical, cost effective and environmentally sound, long-term solution for : The safe destruction of biomass & other waste. Provide valuable renewable thermal & electrical energy. Provide economic opportunities. Provide a safe & clean environment for generations to come. CGS Rationale

© WTEC 2010 Fully integrated waste to energy plan OEM supply model Deployment of leading edge, environmentally sound, proven technology CGS Provide ongoing long-term Operations & Maintenance support. Deliverables

© WTEC 2010 Convert waste wood and biomass into sustainable opportunity. Provide improved health & welfare. Safe/clean environment for future generations. Demonstrate Social & Environmental Leadership Reduce Waste Hauling Pollution & Costs Outcomes

© WTEC 2010 Continuous Gasifier System (CGS) Technology Overview

© WTEC 2010 Continuous feed Single or double reaction chamber Two-staged Air-starved Thermal Gasifier Continuous Gasifier System (CGS)

© WTEC 2010 Biomass, waste wood, sawdust & other fairly consistent solid wastes are fed continuously into the hearth area of a vertical reaction chamber. Innovative hearth design requires no moving grate or fluidized bed. Hot syngas produced in the air-starved zone of the lower chamber is fully oxidized in the excess-air zone of the upper chamber. Residence time of flue gas at design temperature 5 sec. Optional second reaction chamber increases residence time further and slows gas to allow particulate settling. Heat recovery, power generation, and emissions controls are by standard technologies. Concept

© WTEC 2010 Most appropriate for waste types of relatively consistent size and calorific value such as: Solid waste of relatively consistent content Wood waste Agricultural residues Waste Feedstock Types

© WTEC 2010 COR High River, 10 years of operationCOR Thora, one of three on site Continuous Operation

© WTEC 2010 Air-Starved Gasification Zone: Automatic feed using augers or rams provides continuous operation. Low-temperature gasification in V-shaped hearth (left) at bottom of first reaction tower. Hot syngas released up to secondary oxidation zone in same tower. Easy ash removal by ram during operation. Excess-Air Oxidation Zone: Takes place in upper zone of first reaction tower. Control of Time / Temperature / Turbulence. Second tower (at left) can be added to increase residence time of gases at design temperature and slow gases to allow particulate settling. Unified 2-Stage Gasification

© WTEC 2010 The three-step, V-shaped hearth itself has no moving parts and so avoids the frequent breakdowns and high maintenance costs that occur with the moving metal grates and fluidized beds found in mass burn incinerators. = Excellent reliability & reduces costs for capital equipment, operations, maintenance & repairs. = Holding the ash longer for gasification zone leaves as little bottom ash behind as possible. COR during construction Unified 2-Stage Gasification

© WTEC 2010 Combustion of hot syngas takes place in upper zone of chamber. Residence time of gases at design temperature is 5 sec, which is 3 sec more than EPA requires. Generates heat for conversion to steam and / or electricity. Meets all US & EU EPA emissions standards after scrubbing. COR High River, 10 years of operation in Northern Canada Secondary Combustion Chamber

© WTEC 2010 Sterile & Non-toxic. Virtually no carbon. No slag or clinkers. Easily separated from glass & metals for recycling. Passes EPAs Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test. Bottom ash can be sold as aggregate for concrete or for asphalt road surfacing. Landfilling not required. Bottom Ash

© WTEC 2010 Primary Fuel Consistent Feedstock Integrated Gasification (Hot Syngas) and Oxidisation (Super Hot Flue-Gas Organic Rankine Cycle Turbine Generator Organic Rankine Cycle Turbine Generator Electricity Emissions Control System Emissions Control System Electricity Turbine Generator Super Heated Steam Heat Recovery Boiler Economizer Condenser Water CGS Options for Energy Recovery

© WTEC 2010 Daily capacity of 1000 tonnes can be achieved with two CGS process trains of 500 tons each. Larger capacities can be achieved by increasing the capacities of the individual CGS process trains and / or by adding more process trains. Typical layout for Energy Generation

© WTEC 2010 Indicative Steam and Electric Power Generation Type of WasteMetric Tons Steam / Metric Ton of Waste Net kW hrs Electricity for Sale / Metric Ton of Waste Municipal 3.4 MT 550 kWh Industrial 4.0 MT 650 kWh Air-Dried Wood 5.0 MT 850 kWh Tires & Plastics 10.0 MT 1700 kWh Actual energy recovery & power generation depends on calorific value & moisture content of waste, types of heat recovery & power generation technology selected, their designs & configuration, & other project-specific factors.

© WTEC 2010 CGS facility with two process trainseach containing one primary and one secondary chamberfeeding two boilers, two baghouses, and one turbine generator. Typical layout with two trains

© WTEC 2010 Automated CGS Process Controls Operator interface by touch-screen controls. SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) data logging capability. Option for real-time remote monitoring by WTEC technical staff. Photos show touch-screen monitor and control panels at BOS waste- to-energy facility in Scotland.

© WTEC 2010 Operator interface by touch-screen controls. Optional SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) data logging capability. Real-time remote monitoring by WTEC technical staff. Automation & Controls

© WTEC 2010 Touch-Screen Control Panel CGS have automatic controls with manual override that operators can monitor or adjust using the simple touch- screen control panel.

© WTEC 2010 Inherently low COR emissions can be reduced further by treatment of flue gases using Best Available Technology: View of stack with facility operating at full capacity. Flue gas retention time 2 sec at temps up to 1300° C as required. Sodium bicarbonate to neutralize acids. Activated carbon to remove trace dioxins, furans & heavy metals. Flue gas recirculation & selective non- catalytic reduction (SNCR) to control NO x. Filter baghouse to collect scrubber consumables & residual fly ash. Advance Flue Gas Treatment

© WTEC 2010 CGS emissions meet all EPA standards in US & European Union. CGS Emissions Management

© WTEC 2010 Design Basis for CGS Facility Compared to EU Limits CGS plants can be designed & operated to achieve even lower limits. Substance CGS Design 0°C & 11% O 2 Maximum Limits EU 0°C & 11% O 2 Particulate Matter (PM)< 5 mg / Nm 3 10 mg / Nm 3 Nitrogen Oxides (NO x )< 100 mg / Nm mg / Nm 3 Carbon Monoxide (CO)< 10 mg / Nm 3 50 mg / Nm 3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 )< 10 mg / Nm 3 50 mg / Nm 3 Total Organic Carbon (TOC)< 2 mg / Nm 3 10 mg / Nm 3 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)< 5 mg / Nm 3 10 mg / Nm 3 Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)< 1 mg / Nm 3 1 mg / Nm 3 Dioxin & Furans TEQ< 0.08 ng / Nm ng / Nm 3 Mercury (Hg)< 0.05 mg / Nm mg / Nm 3 Cadmium (Cd)< 0.05 mg / Nm mg / Nm 3 Total Other Metals< 0.5 mg / Nm mg / Nm 3

© WTEC 2010 Continuous Emissions Monitoring Log Compared to Daily & Half-Hourly EU Limits CO PM (Dust) HCl NO 2 Note: Add-on de-NO x equipment not operated during test. SO 2 VOC

© WTEC 2010 Monitoring Results for Dioxins & Furans Compared to EU Limits Independent tests show emissions at only 35% of stringent EU limits.

© WTEC 2010 Design Comparison to US EPA Emissions Limits CGS plants can be designed & operated to achieve even lower emissions that may be necessary to meet annual output limits required by local air quality districts.

© WTEC 2010 Continuous Emissions Monitoring Data Compared to EU Emissions Limits Note that this plant has no NO x reduction equipment. Data is from * days of CEM log in December, Raw data available on request.

© WTEC High Level, Alberta, 600 TPD Wood Waste Swan River, Manitoba, 135 TPD Wood Waste Fruitvale, British Columbia 200 TPD Wood Waste Slave Lake, Alberta, 500 TPD Wood Waste Gudang, Indonesia, 200 TPD Tobacco Waste Thora, Australia, 200 TPD Wood Waste Kelly Lake, BC, 300 TPD Wood Waste (in pre-deploy) Sample CGS Deployments

© WTEC 2010 Electricity. Process steam for industry. Process steam for district heating. Chilled water or air for central cooling. Potable water. Disposal fees or avoided costs. Bottom ash as soil amendment (biomass only) or concrete aggregate. Carbon credits. Renewable energy credits. Renewable energy grants and tax credits. CGS Energy Utilisation

© WTEC 2010 Large-capacity, continuous-feed, two-stage thermal gasification in single or double vertical reaction chambers for consistent wastes such as biomass and household waste. Simple, robust design with very few moving parts. Innovative hearth design eliminates complicated moving grates and fluidized beds found in mass burn incinerators. Sophisticated controls for air, waste feed, and auxiliary fuel first developed for the BOS are now available on CGS. Lower capital, labour, and other operating costs than other conversion technologies. Meets or exceeds CDN, EU and US emissions standards with appropriate control equipment. Why CGS ?

© WTEC 2010 Thank You wtecanada.com