Hermann Aebert, MD, Torsten Cornelius, BS, Tobias Ehr, BS, Stephan R

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Expression of Immediate Early Genes After Cardioplegic Arrest and Reperfusion Hermann Aebert, MD, Torsten Cornelius, BS, Tobias Ehr, BS, Stephan R. Holmer, MD, Dietrich E. Birnbaum, MD, Günter A.J. Riegger, MD, Heribert Schunkert, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 63, Issue 6, Pages 1669-1675 (June 1997) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00272-5

Fig. 1 Representative Northern blots of protooncogene messenger RNAs in isolated, perfused rat hearts. Twenty micrograms of total RNA have been loaded per lane. Type and temperature of solutions are indicated across the top. (GAPDH = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; KH = Krebs-Henseleit buffer; Neg. Control = negative controls, ie, KH perfusion at 35°C.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1669-1675DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00272-5)

Fig. 2 Rat left ventricular (A) c-fos and (B) c-jun messenger RNA (mRNA) levels at different temperatures (5°C and 35°C) with different solutions (BS = Bretschneider solution; GAPDH = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; KH = Krebs-Henseleit buffer; ST = St. Thomas’ II solution; ∗ = p < 0.05 versus KH 35°C.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1669-1675DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00272-5)

Fig. 3 (A) Northern blots and (B) bar graphs of rat left ventricular heat shock protein 70(hsp 70)messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. (BS = Bretschneider solution; GAPDH = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; KH = Krebs-Henseleit buffer; Neg. Controls = negative controls, ie, KH perfusion at 35°C;ST = St. Thomas’ II solution; ∗ = p < 0.05 versus KH 35°C.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1669-1675DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00272-5)

Fig. 4 Time courses of c-fos and c-jun messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in rat hearts. (A) Effects of various lengths of cold Bretschneider cardioplegia followed by 40 minutes of reperfusion. (B) Time course of normothermic reperfusion after 40 minutes of cold Bretschneider cardioplegia. (GAPDH = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1669-1675DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00272-5)

Fig. 5 (A, B) Northern blots of immediate early gene messenger RNAs after cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion in human hearts. (GAPDH = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; hsp70 = heat shock protein 70; neg = tissue sample obtained before cardioplegic arrest; rat = experimental rat heart subjected to cold Bretschneider cardioplegia for 40 minutes followed by 40 minutes reperfusion; 53, 66, 83, 111 = minutes of cardioplegic arrest.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1669-1675DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00272-5)

Fig. 6 Immediate early gene messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in human atrial biopsy specimens before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). (GAPDH = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; hsp70 = heat shock protein 70; ∗ = p < 0.05 versus pre-CPB samples.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1669-1675DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00272-5)

Fig. 7 Localization of c-FOS and HSP 72 immunoreactivity in human hearts. (a) Transmission microscopy displays staining for c-FOS protein in nuclei of cardiac myocytes and the vasculature where immunoreactivity is mainly expressed in endothelial cells. (Inset: Interference contrast.) (b) HSP 72 immunoreactivity in cardiac myocytes and blood vessels in a tissue section counterstained with hematoxylin and examined by transmission microscopy. (Inset) Without counterstaining, there is a concentration of immunoreactivity in nuclei of cardiac myocytes. (a, ×700 and inset, ×1,250 before 40% reduction; b and inset, ×500 before 40% reduction.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1669-1675DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00272-5)