North and south take different paths

Vocabulary Industrial Revolution Capitalists Urbanization Telegraph Slave Code Cotton Gin Canal Spirituals

Industrial revolution Who was one the first countries to use industrial revolution? Who created the one of the first water and steam powered Spinning Jenny? How much more thread could Britain produce do to the water powered Spinning Jenny?

Industrial Revolution By the mid to late 1700s machines were beginning to replace hand tools which led to a industrial revolution. One of the first places to use the revolution of machines was Britain as they used the Spinning Jenny which sped up the process of weaving thread.

Industrial revolution In 1764 Richard Arkwright was given the credit of craeing a water powered spinning machine (Jenny). These machines took up huge amounts of space and needed huge amounts of water which caused the factories to be built on river banks.

Industrial revolution The machines and factories were expensive causing factory owners to need investors or capitalists. By 1784 the British produced about 24 times as much thread that about 20 years earlier

Industrial revolution By 1790 Arkwright built a new steam powered spinning machine. These machines could be used in the city and not on river banks. Also they were more dependable during dry seasons and were closer to businesses. Britain attempted to keep the machine a secret as they forbid the workers to leave the country.

Industrial revolution Who migrated to America bringing in the spinning machine? Who built spinning machines in Mass? How did the factories Mass help women in the area?

Industrial Revolution In 1789 Samuel Slater a apprentice of Arkwright migrated to U.S. to create the factories in Britain. Slater joined wealthy merchant Moses Brown and created factories in R.I.

Industrial revolution After Slater’s factory many wealthy merchants built factories along in the New England states. Francis Cabot Lowell became one of the 1st Americans to visit England before the war of 1812 where he learned and develop his own spinning machines and factories in Mass.

Industrial revolution Lowell died in 1817 but his partners continued to expand their business as they created small towns for their employees. These towns were very important to female workers (Lowell Girls) as it allowed them to get an education.

Industrial revolution Why were interchangeable part so important? By 1880 how many children between 10-15 were employed? What was the difference between Lowell factories and most other factories?

Industrial revolution After Lowell system of factories American buisnesses were looking for ways to produce things more efficient and cheaper which led to mass production and interchangeable parts. This became important because now businesses or consumers didn’t have to depend on one person to create things.

Industrial revolution The idea of being more efficient led to worst treatment of employees as owners look to produce more but pay less. This involved even hiring children to work these factories. For example Sam Slater factories employed children as young as 7- 8 years old. By 1880 more that a million children between the age of 10-15 were employed in the U.S.

Industrial revolution The conditions of the factories were horrible as they had extremely long hours (14-15) and the factories injured many employees with no insurance. By 1844 employees demanded 8 hour work days, “8 hours for work, 8 hours to sleep, and for God and brethren”

North transformed What caused immigrants to move west? By 1850 how many people lived in Louisville? What were the two big problems in cities as population increased?

North transformed By 1790 the largest city in the U.S. was NYC with about 33000 people but by the 1800s due to factories more people moved to the city for job opportunities.

North transformed With factories, east coast city pop increased causing immigrants to move west. Pittsburg had a pop of about 23,000 in 1840 but by 1850 the pop doubled. Louisville pop increased to more than 43000 by 1850 making it larger that Washington D.C.

North transformed As cities got bigger problems occurred with unsanitary cities and many fires, paid fire fighters were paid by insurance companies to protect their buildings while other fires were usually handled by volunteer firefighters.

North transformed Who invented a new device used for communication during the mid 1800s? What two inventions helped with agriculture when it came to harvesting wheat? Where were most of the businesses Americans invested in?

North transformed The 1800s continued to bring in new inventions such as Samuel FB Morse’s telegraph which sent electrical signals sending messages to others from far away.

North transformed In 1844 Morse tested his invention when he sent a message from Washington D.C. to Baltimore and actually received one back. The telegraph became a great tool as factories could now communicate with markets from far away in hours.

North transformed During the 1800s Americans also witness advancing in agriculture. Cyrus McCormick created a mechanical reaper which was used to cut wheat stalk and cultivate land.

North transformed Along with reapers, Americans created threshers to separate the wheat from the stalk. Eventually both machines were joined into one and was called a combine. As more and more machines replaced people, people began to move into cities for work.

North transformed Advances in manufacturing also took place during the 1800as Elias Howe created the 1st sewing machine and Issac Singer improved the model allowing businesses produce clothing and threaded cloth a lot faster.

North transformed By 1860 over $1million was invested in American businesses and more than 90% of those businesses was found in the north, which were majority of NE and mid-Atlantic states.

North transformed Who invented the 1st American steamboat? What was the fast ship called in 1850? Where did the 1st American railroad start and end?

North transformed Improvement in transportation on land and water also took place during the 1800s which made it easier and faster to transport goods through out the country.

North transformed In 1807 Robert Fulton invented the 1st American steamboat (Fulton’s Clermont), which consisted of wooden side paddles that worked well in rivers but not in the ocean.

North transformed By 1850 a new ship was invented (clipper ship) which moved well in the ocean. It was the world fastest ship until the British create the ironclad steamships in the same decade.

North transformed Another common form of transportation in America were railroads which were built in 1828, the railroad traveled from Baltimore to Ohio. The first train cars were drawn by horses until 1830 when Peter Cooper built the 1st American locomotive.

North transformed What two European countries did most immigrants arrive from? Why did a lot of Americans want to limit the amount of immigrants in America? Who created the 1st Black newspaper in America?

North transformed By the 1840s millions of immigrants moved to the U.S. for cheap land and a opportunity for a better life. Some benefited by living in at least a middle class lifestyle while most were on the lower end of society.

North transformed One of the places most immigrants arrived from was Ireland who went through a potato famine in 1845. Due to the famine over a million died and another million left the country. Most Irish immigrants were seen as very low on the social pyramid.

North transformed A lot of immigrants also came from Germany as most of those immigrants left Germany because of the harsh rulers. Unlike Irish immigrants, a lot of German immigrants weren’t poor or at the bottom of the social pyramid. Most of the German immigrants settled in the Ohio area.

North transformed With influx of immigrants not all Americans were happy and wanted immigrants coming into the country. A lot of Americans want to preserve America for white protestants born in America, these were usually called nativists.

North transformed Blacks in the north were considered inferior just like in the south but there were less slave states. African Americans were allowed to vote or attend almost all white public events, places or businesses. This led to openings of black schools, churches (1st was AME church 1819), and publications (1st newspaper by John B Russwurm 1827)