Peter J. Pappas, MD, David O. DeFouw, PhD, Lisa M

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Morphometric assessment of the dermal microcirculation in patients with chronic venous insufficiency Peter J. Pappas, MD, David O. DeFouw, PhD, Lisa M. Venezio, RN, BA, Raghuram Gorti, MD, Frank T. Padberg, MD, Michael B. Silva, MD, Mark C. Goldberg, MD, Walter N. Durán, PhD, Robert W. Hobson, MD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 26, Issue 5, Pages 784-795 (November 1997) DOI: 10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70091-0 Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Photomicrograph of microvascular environment demonstrates a central capillary surrounded by a mast cell (MC), fibroblast (F), and a macrophage (MP). Original magnification, 4300×. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 26, 784-795DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70091-0) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Presence of a well-developed perivascular cuff (PC) in a patient with class 6 CVI. Lymphatic vessel is at edge of perivascular cuff. Long arrow points at macrophage that appears to be entering lymphatic lumen (LL). Cell near this macrophage is a fibroblast. Short arrow indicates pericuff macrophage. F denotes a pericuff fibroblast. Original magnification, 4300×. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 26, 784-795DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70091-0) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Section through an endothelial cell in a patient with class 4 CVI. Nucleus presents a euchromatic (EU) appearance and a prominent nucleolus (long arrow). Note abundance of ribosomes (short arrows) in the cytoplasm. Original magnification, 18,125×. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 26, 784-795DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70091-0) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Section through an endothelial cell in a patient with class 4 CVI. Note abundance of ribosomes (short arrows). Some ribosomes are free in the cytoplasm, whereas others are attached to endoplasmic reticulum. Original magnification, 18,125×. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 26, 784-795DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70091-0) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Section through a capillary in a patient with class 6 CVI. Note collapsed capillary lumen. A well-developed perivascular cuff (PC) surrounds the capillary. Fibroblasts (F) and migrating tails of macrophages (arrows) from an envelope around perivascular cuff. Original magnification, 4300×. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 26, 784-795DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70091-0) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Demonstration of message for TGF-β1 in skin biopsy from a class 5 CVI patient. TGF-β1 mRNA by RT-PCR and electrophoresed in a 2% agarose gel. Note that TGF-β1 is present in biopsy from class 5 CVI patient (CVI lane) but is absent in normal skin biopsy (NS lane). Housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) served as control for PCR amplification. Ladder lane serves as index of base pairs (molecular weight). NC, Negative control; PC, positive control. TGF-β1 mRNA denotes lanes in which TGF-β1 cDNA samples were loaded for electrophoresis. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 26, 784-795DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70091-0) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions