What it takes to be an animal Multicellular Heterotrophic Mobile Diploidy Sexually reproduce Absence of cell wall Tissues Blastula formation

Invertebrates vs. Vertebrates Invertebrate are animals that don’t have a back bone. Vertebrates are animals with a back bone

Symmetry Asymetrical- having no identical halves. Bi-lateral- having two identical halves Radial- infinite halves through a center point

Body Cavities Acoelomate- no body cavity. Pseudoceolomate- body tube but a false cavity. Coelomate- Fluid filled true cavity

Embryo germ layers Ectoderm- outer layer which includes skin, nerves and sensory organs Mesoderm- middle layer including the muscles, bones, and blood vessels Endoderm- inner layer including digestive tract and respiratory system

Segmentation Repeating body segments that help aide in flexibility and more advanced motion. They work independently but still are connected to other segments for circulation.

Sides of an organisms Dorsal- top Ventral- bottom Anterior- front Posterior- back

Specialization Cells that have one specific job in order to perform that job at a very successful rate and efficiency. Example- Neuron

Differentiation Cells become different during development and become programmed to perform a certain task for the organism or organ system.

Reproduction/Fertilization Asexual- 1 (identical) Sexual- 2 (genetic variation) Internal Fertilization- sperm and egg unite inside the body External Fertilization

Complexity Cells Tissues Organs Organs systems Example- lung cells, lung tissue, lung, respiratory system

Complete vs. Incomplete Development Complete- Organism is in its’ full form and will grow and mature throughout life Incomplete- Organism is in a larvae form and will go through another transformation to become an adult

Body systems Skeletal Muscular Digestive Respiratory Circulatory Nervous Excretory Integument

Skeletal system Gives support to an organisms’ body which allowed organisms to become larger in size Protects vital organs Aides in movement

Types of skeletons Endoskeleton- which is one like ours that is within the body of the organism. Exoskeleton- which is like a crab that covers the body of an organism and must grow to allow the organism to grow(molt)

Hydrostatic Skeleton Fluid filled gastro-vascular cavity or coelom that is much like a water filled balloon. Pressure applied to the cavity causes a shape change and the contraction to the cavity aides in movement

Muscular System Main system to help with movement. Also the tissue to drive organs like the heart, diaphragm, or digestive system Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

Digestive system Gastro-vascular cavity to dissolve organisms Simple tube to allow for food to pass through entire body System broken up into parts for specific breaking down or absorbing food

Respiratory system System that allows gas exchange between the organism and the outside environment Diffusion/Lungs/Gills

Circulatory system System used to transport nutrients and waste throughout the body of organisms. Diffusion, small tubes, heart pumping ones for larger organisms

Nervous System Used to communicate with the external environment. Simple nerve nets to respond to stimuli or organized systems with ganglia, ganglion, or brain to control system.

Excretory System Used to rid the body of metabolic waste created during cellular respiration/metabolism Larger organisms produce a lot and need organs like the kidney, while smaller ones can diffuse out of their skin

Integument System Skin, hair, etc. Used as a barrier between the inside of the organism and the external environment.

Reproduction Sexual-Genetic variations due to the partnership Asexual-identical offspring from one parent Hermaphrodite-possess both reproductive organs

Fertilization Gamete cells (sperm and egg) may be fertilized within the body of an organism or outside the body of an organism. Internal/External Fertilization Exposed cells can be eaten as well as eggs fertilized. More offspring can be produced if they don’t have to be carried. Success rate is probably higher for survival for internal