Photovoltaic Systems Engineering Session 18 Solar+Storage Systems SEC598F18 Photovoltaic Systems Engineering Session 18 Solar+Storage Systems Grid-tied Systems, part 3 November 05, 2018

Session 18 content Grid-Tied Battery-Enhanced Systems Battery Applications Required programming

Integration of Battery Storage with PV Systems Four Potential Beneficial (Behind-the-Meter) Applications Backup Power PV Self-Consumption Time of Use Demand Reduction

Integration of Battery Storage with PV Systems Backup Power (Krause and Brearley) The role of energy storage is to support loads in the event of a grid failure There is a subpanel that connects a subset of the home’s branch circuits and it can operate as long as the battery remains above the allowable DoD It’s an “early adopter” market driven more by customer desire than by economics – the value proposition is hard to justify

Integration of Battery Storage with PV Systems PV Self-Consumption (Krause and Brearley) The role of energy storage in this case is to store excess PV production and discharge later – perhaps for the zero-export scenario Addition energy monitoring is required – PV curtailment is necessary at times in the zero-export situation It might be justifiable in markets where there is no NEM policy in place

Integration of Battery Storage with PV Systems Time of Use (Krause and Brearley) The role of energy storage in this case is similar to the self-consumption scenario - to store excess PV production and discharge later But the goal could be called “energy arbitrage” Store the excess energy when its value is low (off-peak) and discharge when its value is high (on-peak)

Integration of Battery Storage with PV Systems Demand Reduction (Krause and Brearley) The role of energy storage in this case is to reduce instantaneous power demand Nearly all non-residential customers have mandatory demand charges, and nearly all residential customers can choose optional demand charges – but they can be extremely high Discharging batteries to reduce the demand charges – so-called “peak shaving” – can have a very high value proposition

Battery Enhanced Systems

Battery Enhanced Systems

Battery Enhanced Systems Peak Shaving

Battery Enhanced Systems Time of Use

Battery Enhanced Systems

Battery Enhanced Systems

Battery Enhanced Systems

Battery Enhanced Systems

Battery Enhanced Systems

Battery Enhanced Systems

Battery Enhanced Systems

Manufacturers Integrated LMS Systems Enphase AC Battery System JLM - Phazr SolarEdge - StorEdge SMA – Sunny Boy Storage Pika - Energy Island

Manufacturers Self-Contained Systems Blue Planet Energy – Blue Ion Sonnen Batterie Tesla Energy – Powerwall 2