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Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna, Russia Production of neutron-rich heavy and superheavy nuclei in multinucleon transfer reactions Alexander Karpov Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna, Russia 9-13 April 2018, Trento, Italy

Motivation 3-4 neutron-rich nuclei were added during last years based on the fragmentation reactions Cross section is 4.4±2.0 pb for 202Os J. Kurcewicz et al., PLB (2012) Only lower limit of half-life values were identified Other efficient methods of production of these nuclei are still of great value Multi-nucleon transfer reactions are thought to be an efficient method of synthesis of new neutron-rich heavy and superheavy nuclei

Model A.V. Karpov and V.V. Saiko, Phys. Rev. C 96, 024618 (2017)

Potential energy A.V. Karpov, EXON (2006) V.I. Zagrebaev, A.V. Karpov, et al. PEPAN (2007) Double-folding potential with Migdal forces Two-center shell model

Equations of motion (R, d1, d2, hA, hZ, q1, q2, q)

http://nrv.jinr.ru

136Xe+208Pb experiment: E.M. Kozulin, et al., PRC (2012)

136Xe+209Bi @ 569 MeV experiment: W. W. Wilcke, et al., PRC (1980)

136Xe+209Bi @ 569 MeV experiment: W. W. Wilcke, et al., PRC (1980)

136Xe+198Pt @ 643 MeV experiment: Y. X. Watanabe, et al., PRL (2015)

136Xe+198Pt @ 643 MeV experiment: Y. X. Watanabe, et al., PRL (2015)

136Xe + 198Pt Production of neutron-rich Os-isotopes 102 N=126 101 100 185 190 195 200 205 210 102 101 100 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 107 Mass number Cross section, mb last stable last studied last known N=126 fragmentation of 238U massive transfer 136Xe + 198Pt J. Kurcewicz et al.,(2012) fragmentation of 208Pb T. Kurtukian-Nieto et.al (2014)

Production of N=126 nuclides Optimal reaction Os isotopes experiment: Y. X. Watanabe, et al., PRL (2015)

Production of N=126 nuclides Optimal reaction 48Ca+238U S. Ayik, B. Yilmaz, O. Yilmaz, A. S. Umar, arXiv (2018) 136Xe+208Pb: Q202Os=-9.1 MeV 136Xe+198Pt: Q202Os=-14.8 MeV

Production of N=126 nuclides Optimal energy

Production of N=126 nuclides Detection angles

Production cross section

Production of neutron-rich heavy and SH nuclei in actinide-actinide collisions (U+smth.) e.g. U+Cm→Pb*+Sg* Strong shell effects may lead to increased cross sections for formation of a Pb-like fragment as one of the reaction products and a heavy or SH fragment as another one

Orientation effects in nucleus-nucleus collisions spherical nuclei at g.s. Orientation effects in nucleus-nucleus collisions statically deformed nuclei

Collisions of actinides Collisions of actinides. Potential energy @ contact point: 238U+254Es case 254Es 238U 208Pb A1 A2 286Mt A1 A2

Orientation effects in nucleus-nucleus collisions 160Gd + 186W (b2=0.22) (b2=0.28) 462 MeV 502 MeV 860 MeV 412 MeV 447 MeV 454 MeV 492 MeV exp exp A>200 A>200 A>200

exp: E.M. Kozulin, et al., PRC (2017) Orientation effects 160Gd + 186W exp: E.M. Kozulin, et al., PRC (2017) Ec.m.=462 MeV A>200 A>200 Ec.m.=502 MeV A>200 A>200

Collisions of actinides. A way to superheavies? large production cross sections for primary reaction products 298114* (double magic) can be produced with the cross section ~10-100 nb

Collisions of actinides. Comparison with existing data: U+Cm cross sections for Z>103 are below 1 pb but… new isotopes of elements with Z<103 can be produced with sufficiently large cross sections exp: M. Schädel et al., PRL (1982)

Collisions of actinides. Comparison with existing data: U+U exp: M. Schädel et al., PRL (1978) cross sections for heavy products are lower than in the U+Cm case no significant influence of shell effects (parabola-like shapes) one should use the heaviest available target (254Es)

Collisions of actinides: U+Es SH nuclei up to isotopes of Mt can be produced with cross sections larger than 1pb pronounced influence of shell effects on the production cross sections

Collisions of actinides: U+Es 238U+254Es @ 7.3 A∙MeV

Conclusions and Outlook Co-author: Vyacheslav Saiko PRODUCTION OF NEUTRON-RICH HEAVY NUCLEI (N=126) Large cross sections (>100 nb) for yet-unknown nuclei. Weak energy dependence of the production cross sections of neutron-rich nuclei, but strong sensitivity of the angular distributions to the collision energy. (collisions of spherical nuclei) ORIENTATION EFFECTS IN NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS Strong influence on the production cross sections as well as on the angular and energy distributions. PRODUCTION OF SH NUCLEI IN COLLISIONS OF ACTINIDES Production cross sections drop down very quickly with increasing nucleon transfer due to small survival probabilities. One should use the heaviest available target (254Es) to increase the production cross section of heaviest nuclei. Strong shell effects may give a real chance to produce new isotopes of heavy actinides. In spite of a long history of studies of heavy-ion nucleus-nucleus collisions, systematic high-quality experiments are of great demand. A.V. Karpov and V.V. Saiko, Phys. Rev. C 96, 024618 (2017)