Warm Up – January 8 Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper: 1. Term given to the conflict between the US and USSR between 1945-1991 in which neither nation directly confronted the other on a battlefield 2. What were the two conflicting political ideologies of the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War? 3. What is self-determination? How did this show that goals of the U.S. and USSR were different during the Cold War? 4. What was the name of the strategy used by the United States in regards to communism during the Cold War?

Quizizz Codes 1st Half of World History - 813787 2nd Half of World History - 860936

The Cold War Escalates and the Korean War

Truman Doctrine US and Britain need to prevent communism in Greece and Turkey, but Britain broke  US takes charge March 1947, Truman and Congress allocated $400M in economic and military aid to Turkey and Greece “It must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside aggressors.”  Truman Doctrine – policy of providing aid to free nations threatened by internal/external opponents

Marshall Plan European countries in postwar devastation and may look to Stalin for help… 1947, Sec. of State George Marshall  Marshall Plan US provides aid to all European countries that need it “not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.” – Marshall Revived Europe, by 1952… 16 countries received $13B in aid Western Europe flourishing, preventing spread of Communism

Conflict Over Germany 1948 – 4 sections combined into 2 West Germany (and West Berlin) – US, Britain, France East Germany (and East Berlin) – USSR Stalin closed rail access to West Berlin  no food or fuel, enough to last 5 weeks Berlin Airlift – 327 day operation in which US and British planes flew food and supplies to West Berlin after the Soviet blockade in 1948-49 277,000 flights 2.3 million tons of supplies

NATO Alliance vs. Warsaw Pact 1949 West Germany Federal Republic of Germany (included West Berlin) East Germany  German Democratic Republic, USSR controlled (included East Berlin) April 4, 1949 – North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed Belgium, Denmark, France, Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, US, and Canada (later Greece, Turkey, and West Germany) Pledged military support to each other in the event of an attack First time in history the US entered a military alliance during peacetime  No more US isolationism! 1955 – Warsaw Pact – military alliance between USSR and 7 eastern European nations

China: Nationalists vs. Communists Chiang Kai-shek – Nationalist (almost totalitarian) leader of China Favored in southern and eastern China Supported by US 1945-49 - $3B in US aid Some American officials viewed Chiang as inefficient and corrupt Mao Zedong – head of Communist Party and Red Army Favored in northern china Relied on USSR aid Attracted peasants through promising land reform, literacy education, and more food production By 1945, much of northern China under communist control

Civil War in China After WWII (Japan no longer a threat), Nationalists and Communists no longer cooperate 1945-49, US supported Nationalists ($, not troops) May 1949 – Chiang and supporters fled to Taiwan “Formosa” to Westerners Communists established People’s Republic of China (PRD)  US refused to recognize gov’t

Korea 1910 – Japan annexed Korea August 1945 Japanese north of 38th parallel surrendered to USSR Japanese south of the 38th parallel surrendered to US Post-war Korea was divided in half along the 38th parallel (like Germany)

Korea North of 38th Parallel South of 38th Parallel Soviet control Communist Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) Kim Il Sung Capital - Pyongyang American control Democratic Republic of Korea (South Korea) Syngman Rhee Capital - Seoul June 1949 – only 500 American troops in South Korea Soviets believed US would not fight to defend South Korea Soviets backed North Korea with tanks, airplanes, and money to take over entire peninsula

The Korean War June 25, 1950 – NK launched surprise attack on SK Korean War - 1950-53, conflict between NK and SK, US and UN nations supported SK, China supported NK South Korea petitioned the UN for help  vote passed to help SK USSR not present due to their UN boycott – angry due to UN acknowledgment of Chinese Nationalists in Taiwan Soviets could not veto UN’s resolution

The Korean War June 27, 1950 US troops in Japan reported to SK 16 nations (including US) sent 520,000 troops + 590,000 SK troops SK All troops under command of General Douglas MacArthur (WWII hero)

MacArthur vs. Truman McArthur – WAR WITH CHINA! Wants to prevent Chinese support of North Korea Spoke with newspaper and magazine publishers… even Republican leaders Truman – ABSOLUTELY NOT! Despite warnings from superiors, McArthur continued to undermine and criticize Truman  April 11, 1951 – Truman fired MacArthur Initially, most Americans shocked, supported MacArthur (WWII hero!) After a while, public opinion swayed and Americans realized Truman’s case for limiting the war was a logical and smart move.

Truce Long, bloody stalemate  June 23, 1951 – USSR suggested a cease-fire, truce talks followed Location of the cease-fire line to be at the existing battle line Establishment of a demilitarized zone (area without military activities) between NK and SK Agreement did not fully please Truman Korea still two separate nations (US = ) Communism contained without using atomic weapons (US = )

Post-Korean War Korean War Impact 54,000 US lives lost $67B Increased fear of domestic communist aggression and influence High cost and low reward result of Korean War turned many Americans away from the Democratic Party

TOD – January 8 Answer the following questions on the same sheet of paper as the warm up: What was the Truman Doctrine? What was the Marshall Plan? What did the United States hope to achieve by passing both of these acts? How was Germany divided after World War II? How did this go against the compromise reached at the Yalta Conference? What countries were given control of East Germany and East Berlin? What countries were given control of West Germany and West Berlin? What did the Soviets do to stop supplies going from East Berlin to West Berlin? How did the United States get supplies to the people in West Berlin? What two alliances were formed following World War II and at the beginning of the Cold War? How was Korea divided following World War II? What kind of government was in the North? What kind of government was in the South? What countries supported North Korea? What countries supported South Korea? What was the result of the conflict in Korea?