CH 5 SEC 5: PARLIAMENT LIMITS THE ENGLISH MONARCHY

Tudors to Stuarts ELIZABETH HAD TROUBLE WITH PARLIAMENT NOT GIVING HER ENOUGH FUNDS – SHE LEFT A HUGE DEBT 1603 ELIZABETH DIES – NO HEIRS HER COUSIN JAMES STUART, KING OF SCOTLAND

JAMES I (1603-1625) HE WAS JAMES THE VI OF SCOTLAND AND WILL BECOME JAMES I OF ENGLAND HE WAS CALVINIST AND HE UPSET PURITANS 1611 KING JAMES VERSION OF BIBLE PURITANS WANTED TO REMOVE ALL CATHOLIC CEREMONIES SPASTIC (SLOBBERED AND LOOKED LIKE A SLOB) HE WAS BRILLIANT. The first Stuart King

CHARLES I (1625-1649) 1628 - FORCED TO CALL PARLIAMENT AND ASK FOR MONEY FORCED CHARLES I TO SIGN THE “PETITION OF RIGHTS” CHARLES AND HIS WIFE HENRIETTA OF FRANCE –Charles who reigned form 1625 to 1649 was even more intransigent and brazen in dealings with Parliament and the Puritans than his father had been. Like his predecessor, he resorted to

PETITION OF RIGHTS – 1628 CHARLES I WOULD NOT: IMPRISON WITHOUT DUE CAUSE LEVY TAXES WITHOUT PARLIAMENT’S CONSENT NOT HOUSE SOLIDERS IN PRIVATE HOMES IMPOSE MARTIAL LAW IN PEACETIME

CHARLES I (1625-1649) PETITION OF RIGHTS DISSOLVED PARLIAMENT BECAUSE HE DID NOT WANT TO ASK THEM TO RAISE TAXES IMPRISONED HIS ENEMIES AFTER THEY PASS LAWS TO FURTHER LIMIT HIS POWER

THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1642-1649) – TWO SIDES CHARLES I – ROYALIST OR CAVALIERS SUPPORTERS ARISTOCRACY, NOBLES, ANGLICAN CLERGY, AND CATHOLICS OLIVER CROMWELL - ROUNDHEADS SUPPORTERS – MIDDLE CLASS, SMALL LANDOWNERS, & PURITANS

THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1642-1649) CROMWELL’S NEW MODEL ARMY WINS 1649 – CHARLES I PUT ON TRIAL FOR TREASON, FIND HIM GUILTY, AND HAVE HIM BEHEADED The execution of Charles I. 1648. Charles was beheaded outside the Banqueting House , on Londn’s Whitehall on January 30, 1649. His last words were, “I am a martyr of the People” C

OLIVER CROMWELL (1649 –1658) STRONG WILLED, MILITARY DICTATOR ABOLISHED THE MONARCHY KILLED CATHOLICS NO CHRISTMAS, NO DRINKING, NO FUN Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Long Parliament in 1653. The Long Parliiament was the name given to the session which had been called by Charles I in 1440. Struggles between this body and the king led to the civil war two years later. Subsequently, the Parliament’s victorious New Model Army contested the power of Parliament, causing Cromwell to purge it in 1648 and rule with what remained, the “Rump Parliament”. Since he could not control it, he expelled its members in 1653. The army again stepped in and produced a new constistution which made Cromwell the Lord Protector and he ruled as virtual military dictator thereafter.

Results of the English Civil War *It established the supremacy of Parliament over the King

THE RESTORTATION PARLIAMENT ASK CHARLES II TO RULE AND HE AGREES KNOWN AS THE RESTORATION RESTORED THE MONARCHY BUT AS LIMITED CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY The cornation of Charles II in Westminster Abbey 1661. H- 39 more

CHARLES II and JAMES II CHARLES II DIED WITHOUT AN HEIR BROTHER, JAMES II TAKES POWER JAMES II IS CATHOLIC AND HE SAYS HIS CATHOLIC KIDS WILL BE HIS HEIRS

English Turmoil PARLIAMENT ASKED MARY, JAMES II’S DAUGHTER AND HER HUSBAND WILLIAM OF ORANGE TO RULE ENGLAND G-116 william of orange

*GLORIOUS REVOLUTION 1688 WILLIAM AND MARY BRING A DUTCH ARMY CAPTURE JAMES II SEND HIM TO FRANCE THIS BLOODLESS REVOLUTION IS CALLED THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION PARLIAMENT AGREES TO JOINT RULE WITH MONARCH Mary II

Results from Glorious Revolution ENGLAND BECOMES A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY *MAGNA CARTA, GLORIOUS REVOLUTION, & JOHN LOCKE ALL CONTRIBUTED TO DEVELOPMENT OF LIMITED MONARCHY/PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY *PRINCIPLES OF LIMITED GOV. STRENGTHENED

BILL OF RIGHTS - 1689 RULER COULD NOT: SUSPEND PARLIAMENT’S LAWS LEVY TAXES WITHOUT PARL.’S CONSENT INTEFERING WITH FREEDOM OF SPEECH IN PARLIAMENT PUNISH FOR PETITIONING THE KING ABOUT GRIEVANCES MADE CLEAR THE LIMITS ON KING’S POWER PROVIDED THE BASIS OF INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY AND LIMITED GOVERNMENT U. S. ADOPTS MANY OF THESE REFORMS RIGHT OF HABEAS CORPUS – A DOCUMENT THAT PREVENTS AUTHORITIES FROM HOLDING A PERSON IN JAIL WITHOUT BEING CHARGED A BILL OF RIGHTS GURANTEEING SUCH RIGHTS AS FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND FREEDOM OF WORSHIP A STRONG LEGISLATURE AND STRONG EXCUTIVE, WHICH ACT AS CHECKS ON EACH OTHER A CABINET, MADE UP OF HEADS OF DEPARMENTS SUCH AS DEPT. OF STATE, COMMERCE, EDUCATION ETC. TWO DOMINANT POLITICAL PARTIES