UNIT 7: MILITARY CONFLICT LESSON 7.2: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION part 2

Focus Summarize the British Plan for Victory. What happened to the British plan for victory? What is the significance of the Battle of Saratoga? Who was Benedict Arnold? Who was Marquis De Lafayette? What role did Freidrick von Steuben play in regard to the success of American forces?

Treaty of Paris

Revolution in the South and by Sea

At Sea England used strong navy to keep ships out of American harbors Blockade: prevented supplies and reinforcements from reaching the Continental Army Privateers: privately owned merchant ships with weapons authorized by the Congress to sail and attack the enemy (over 2000 ships) John Paul Jones

AP What is a blockade? What is a privateer?

Battles of the South Reasons of England Many loyalists lived in the South Able to used British Navy easily Needed to change strategy Failure in the North

AP 1. 2. 3. 4.

Battle at Moore’s Creek Outside Wilmington, NC in 1776 British trying to get to coast and Cape Fear River Night before, British checked area of Moore’s Creek bridge to see American troops Only saw a few hundred, but did not realize that there were more in the woods During the night, Patriots removed planks of bridge, leaving just the beams As British crossed in a single file line, Americans fired from the woods and caused many British casualties and retreat

Britain invades the South 1778, General Henry Clinton send British troops to take Savannah and control coast of Georgia Early 1780, Clinton and a large army attack Charles Town, SC Charles Town surrenders in May and British took thousands of prisoners Worst American defeat of the war This was a severe blow to the colonies.  It was the greatest loss of manpower and equipment of the war for the Americans and gave the British nearly complete control of the Southern colonies.

AP Why was the American defeat at Charles Town SC such a devastating defeat?

General Charles Cornwallis Clinton leaves General Cornwallis in charge of British troops in South General Horatio Gates sends Continental Army to face Cornwallis Fight in Camden, SC in August 1780. British victory, but realized he could not control the area Battle of Camden = The Patriot scene 8

Guerrilla Warfare Loyalists gave very little help to England Small force of Patriots attacked British while on the move Appear suddenly, strike, and then disappear Francis Marion=“Swamp Fox” Scene from the Patriot #12

AP Explain Guerrilla warfare

King’s Mountain After Camden, British moved north through the Carolinas Sept. 1780 British officer and over 1000 Loyalists defend outpost from attack of Patriot sharpshooters British forced to retreat New support from the Southerners Wanted end to war which was destroying homes and farms King’s Mt. near Blacksburg, SC

AP 5 Once sentence

Nathaniel Greene October 1780, Greene replaced Gates as commander in the South Decided not to have full attack of Cornwallis’s troops Split troops into 2 groups One group helped General Daniel Morgan win Battle at Cowpens, SC Second group joined Francis Marion’s guerilla attacks Greene’s men reunited to fight Cornwallis and the British at Guilford Courthouse in present day Greensboro, NC

Guilford Courthouse – The Patriot scene 27 British had about 1400 men American’s had about 4000 men ¼ of British soldiers were lost in battle that lasted only 90 minutes British fight until victory or death mentality Greene decided to retreat with most of his troops intact Although it was considered a victory for the British, they lost more than the Americans (pyric victory) Guilford Courthouse proved to be the highwater mark of British military operations in the Revolutionary War. Weakened in his campaign against Greene, Cornwallis abandoned the Carolinas hoping for success in Virginia. At Yorktown, seven months after his victory at Guilford Courthouse, Lord Cornwallis would surrender to the combined American and French forces under General George Washington. "I never saw such fighting since God made me. The Americans fought like demons" -Lt. General Charles, Earl Cornwall

AP Once sentence

Yorktown, VA

Battle at Yorktown Marquis de Lafayette and American troops had stopped British troops from moving by blocking them off on the Yorktown peninsula Washington learned that next French naval aid was heading towards Virginia instead of New York Secretly planned to advance on Yorktown with more troops instead of New York Henry Clinton still believed that the Patriots would focus on New York

Yorktown Secret of plan so strict, most soldiers had no idea where they were marching to Marched 200 miles in 15 days Washingtons troops, Lafayette’s troops, Rochambeau’s American-French army, and the new French naval fleet would all meet at Yorktown for the deciding battle of the war versus the British

Siege of Yorktown Clinton had no clue of the American plan 14,000 American and French troops trapped Cornwallis’ 7,500 troops with no escape possible Rest of British army waited in New York On Oct. 9, 1781, Patriot troops attacked the British British supplies ran low, many soldiers sick or wounded Cornwallis surrenders on October 19 British handed over all their weapons and marched off between rows of French and American troops

AP 7 Note to Buddy

Treaty of Paris in 1783 America Represented by Ben Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay Congress ratified treaty in April 1783 Officially signed September 3, 1783 Britain recognized America independent America claimed territory from Atlantic to Mississippi, and Canada to Spanish Florida British promised to withdraw troops Gave Americans fishing rights off coast of Canada British could still collect debts from Americans Loyalists land had to be returned

Activity - ATSU 1. 2. 3. ATSU

timeline Create a timeline using 10 significant battles of the American Revolution. Each event must answer: Who was involved What happened When did this happen Where did this happen Why did this happen

Learning Log In your journal, summarize what you have learned about the American Revolution. Why did the British decide to focus on fighting in the South? What is the significance of the Battle of Moore’s Creek NC? Why did the Continental Congress have trouble paying for the war? How did the French help the Americans fight the British? How did Francis Marion contribute to the war effort? Describe the significance of the Battle of Kings Mountain. What was General Nathaniel Greene’s strategy for fighting the British in the South? What is the significance of Valley Forge, the Battle of Saratoga, and Yorktown? What were the main provisions of the Treaty of Paris?