Cellular Respiration

Adenosine Triphosphate energy P enzymes Universal energy carrier of the cell Active transport Reproduction Movement Muscle contractions Protein synthesis Hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O  ADP + Pi + Energy Energy used to produce heat & drive processes

Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP Glucose C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP Primarily in mitochondria Chemical energy in glucose converted to ATP Necessary for both consumers (heterotrophs) and producers (autotrophs)

Glycolysis Start: Glucose (6C) in cytoplasm 2ATP energize & break the glucose PGAL PGAL A P P P A P P P C C A P P P C C C C A P P P nucleus mitochondria

Glycolysis Start: Glucose (6C) in cytoplasm 2ATP energize & break the glucose Enzymes add two more P NAD removes H to create NADH… 4ATP created Two Pyruvate (3C) molecules created Finish: Two pyruvates 4 ATPs (net gain of 2) NADH (H taxis) A P PGAL NAD PGAL A P P C C H P NAD C H pyruvates NAD C C C P A P A P nucleus P NAD A P A P A P A P mitochondria

Glycolysis Summary

Moving to the “powerhouse” matrix inner membrane C C C pyruvates pyruvate nucleus A P A P A P A P pyruvate mitochondria

Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: In the matrix inner membrane The Kreb’s Cycle: In the matrix Area 1: Pyruvate broken into acetic acid NAD removes H to create NADH CO2 waste generated Acetic acid C H C CO2 C NAD NAD C C C

Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: inner membrane The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 2: Coenzyme-A bonds to acetic acid… creating Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA Acetic acid CoA C C H C C C

Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 3: inner membrane The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 3: Citric acid is formed when Acetyl-CoA bonds with a 4C molecule from the previous Kreb’s cycle Acetyl-CoA Citric acid CoA C C C H C C C

Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 4: inner membrane The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 4: Citric acid (6C) broken into 5C molecule NAD + H bonds to make NADH CO2 waste released Citric acid C CO2 C H C C C C NAD NAD H C C C

Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 5: inner membrane The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 5: 5C broken into 4C molecule NAD + H bonds to make NADH 2ADP + 2P bonds to make 2ATP CO2 waste released CO2 C A P A P H C C C C NAD A P A P NAD H H C C C

Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 6: inner membrane The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 6: Enzymes rearrange the 4C molecule NADH and FADH2 created H C C C C H C H C C C NAD FAD FAD NAD H H H C C C

Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 6: inner membrane The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 6: Enzymes rearrange the 4C molecule NADH and FADH2 created Acetyl-CoA bonds to 4C molecule to recreate citric acid Process repeats Citric acid CoA C C C C C C H H H H H H C C C

Kreb’s Summary 2 Pyruvate molecules (from glycolysis) create: 6CO2, 2ATP, 8NADH, 2FADH2

Cellular Respiration matrix Inner membrane Matrix H C ATP synthase

Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain ATP synthase Inner membrane Matrix H e e H e H NAD NAD NAD e H e H FAD Electron Transport Chain Area 1: NADH and FADH2 deliver H and electrons

Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain ATP synthase e e e Inner membrane e e Matrix H H H H H Electron Transport Chain Area 2: H+ ions pumped out of the matrix

Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain ATP synthase e e e Inner membrane e e Matrix A P A P A P A P A P A P P P P Electron Transport Chain Area 3: ATP produced when H diffuses back into the matrix ADP + P bond to create ATP 34 ATPs created

Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain ATP synthase e e e Inner membrane e e Matrix H O H H O Electron Transport Chain Area 4: Water created by O + H + e bond together Water exits as waste H A P A P A P

Your essay question on the next test! Trace the flow of energy, including ATP, from the sun to your muscles, after eating a green leaf salad.

Review Place the following steps in order from start to finish. A) 2ATP created when 5C molecule broken apart B) Acetic acid bonds to coenzyme A C) 4 ATP molecules created in the cytoplasm D) NADH and FADH2 deliver hydrogen electrons to mitochondria membrane E) Citric acid created F) Largest amount of ATP created when H travels through ATP synthase G) Glucose is broken into pyruvate molecules

Review Place the following steps in order from start to finish. G) Glucose is broken into pyruvate molecules C) 4 ATP molecules created in the cytoplasm B) Acetic acid bonds to coenzyme A E) Citric acid created A) 2ATP created when 5C molecule broken apart D) NADH and FADH2 deliver hydrogen electrons to mitochondria membrane F) Largest amount of ATP created when H travels through ATP synthase