AP World History Tokugawa Japan
Japan Background By end of 1400s, centralized government (Shogunate) was falling apart. Fighting between Daimyo (heads of noble families) http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://jspivey.wikispaces.com/file/view/sengoku_daimyo_tohoku_sm.gif&imgrefurl=https://jspivey.wikispaces.com/Michelle%2BC.,%2BSoo%2BYoung%2Band%2BYena&usg=__XRtgv8R49EEHmB7spIAG0IDt8c0=&h=836&w=800&sz=322&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=yjth3qJQxsHOdM:&tbnh=144&tbnw=138&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDaimyo%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dstrict%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1&safe=strict Logo of the Shoguns
Different Diamyo Courtesy of www.saruDama.com
Japanese Unification Unification began late 16th century (1500s) Three political figures: Oda Nabunaga Toyotomi Hideyoshi Tokugawa Ieyasu
Oda Nobunaga Captures the royal capital, Kyoto Centralized power in surrounding area Image courtesy of Jpellegn on flickr
Toyotomi Hideyoshi Farmer turned military commander Takes control and moves capital to Osaka http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_on_his_horse.jpg&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_on_his_horse.jpg&usg=__cxRJjbxybqWLpB3s-bAzG2s2_Vs=&h=468&w=468&sz=83&hl=en&start=20&um=1&tbnid=2NoWdarkRyYifM:&tbnh=128&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtoyotomi%2Bhideyoshi%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dstrict%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1&safe=strict
Image courtesy of http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/asia/japan/
Tokugawa Ieyasu Daimyo of Edo (Modern Tokyo) Took control of Japan after Toyotomi’s death Restores centralized power Moves capital to Edo “Great Peace” http://uk.encarta.msn.com/media_121637196/Japan_Under_Tokugawa_Rule.html
Europeans come to Japan First Portuguese traders Welcomed, traded openly Weapons, tobacco, clocks and glasses from Europe http://rezanov.krasu.ru/eng/epoch/img/japan4l.jpg
Europeans get kicked out Next Jesuit Missionaries At first converted many Daimyo But, Jesuits destroyed shrines resulting in Hideyoshi prohibiting Christian activities in his land Missionaries expelled Traders also removed Only 1 Dutch group remained w/ restrictions 16th Century Japanese Nanban screen showing the arrival of Jesuits in Japan Circa 1549 http://www.artsales.com/ARTistory/Xavier/Xavier_1.html
http://web000.greece.k12.ny.us/SocialStudiesResources/Social_Studies_Resources/GHG_Documents/Tokugawa%20Laws%20of%20Japan%20Passage%2001.02.jpg
Tokugawa Rule Wanted to control the feudal system in Japan Land was divided into hans (domains), which were ruled by daimyo Could be independent, but shogunate ruled by hostage system http://roninsushiandbar.com/history.aspx
Hostage system Each daimyo has 2 houses. 1 in Edo; 1 on their han When daimyo isn’t in Edo, his family must stay there (like hostages) so the daimyo don’t rebel http://www.nakasendoway.com/images/2-9-1.jpg
Economic Changes Trade and Industry grew Cities grew Edo +1 Million pop. Banking grew, paper money became the standard Merchant class grew Taxes increased Peasants suffered, some revolted http://w00.middlebury.edu/ID085A/Edo/index2.html Coins from the Edo period
Social Changes Strict class distinctions Laws separating them Emperor and imperial court Warriors Peasants/farmers Artisans Merchants Eta (outcasts) Laws separating them No intermarriage http://www.flickr.com/photos/24443965@N08/2862111344/ Eta skinning deer
Role of women Restricted, especially in warrior class Rules: Influenced by Confucianism Rules: Parents determined marriage Men could divorce women who don’t fulfill their duties. Men controlled property. Were valued as mothers http://www.flickr.com/photos/24443965@N08/3492944934/in/set-72157617576425408/
Cultural Changes Winds bring petals of cherry Into the grebe lake. Literature Popular in cities Lighthearted, for fun Ihara Saikaku “Five Women who Loved Love” Poetry More serious Haiku (5,7,5; about nature) Ex. Matsuo Basho From all directions Winds bring petals of cherry Into the grebe lake. http://www.big.or.jp/~loupe/links/ehisto/ebasho.shtml
Theater Kabuki (link) No women performers Emphasizes action, music and gestures http://www.traveltokyo.info/kabuki1.jpg
Art and Architecture Need for homes in Edo caused nobles to compete for ‘best’ homes Used gold foil to reflect light in dark castles Also used height for defense http://www.sfusd.k12.ca.us/schwww/sch618/japan/Architecture/Architecture2.html Hirosaki Castle
Decline of Tokugawa Dynasty (link)