Functional Groups

Functional Groups A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical rxns. The symbol “R” represents any carbon chains or rings attached to the functional group.

Halogen Substituents R-X (X=F, Cl, Br, I) Example CH3Cl Chloromethane

Addition reaction

Alcohol R-OH Example CH3OH Methanol (Methyl Alcohol)

Location of the hydroxyl group

Hydration reaction

Ethers R-O-R Example CH3CH2OCH3 Ethylmethyl ether

Naming

Aldehydes R – C – H O - Example H – C – H Methanal O

Ketones R – C – R O - Example CH3 – C – CH3 Propanone O

Naming

Carboxylic Acids O R – C – OH Example O Methanoic acid H – C - OH

Dissociation of carboxylic acid

Naming

Esters O R – C O – R Example O Ethyl ethanoate CH3 – C – OCH2CH3

Formation of an ester

Naming

Hydrogenation reaction