Cigarette smoke extract immobilizes human spermatozoa and induces sperm apoptosis Aldo Calogero, Riccardo Polosa, Anna Perdichizzi, Francesca Guarino,

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Cigarette smoke extract immobilizes human spermatozoa and induces sperm apoptosis Aldo Calogero, Riccardo Polosa, Anna Perdichizzi, Francesca Guarino,

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Cigarette smoke extract immobilizes human spermatozoa and induces sperm apoptosis Aldo Calogero, Riccardo Polosa, Anna Perdichizzi, Francesca Guarino, Sandro La Vignera, Alessia Scarfia, Enza Fratantonio, Rosita Condorelli, Oriana Bonanno, Nunziata Barone, Nunziatina Burrello, Rosario D’Agata, Enzo Vicari Reproductive BioMedicine Online Volume 19, Issue 4, Pages 564-571 (October 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.05.004 Copyright © 2009 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd, Duck End Farm, Dry Drayton, Cambridge CB23 8DB, UK Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Time-course and dose–response of the effects of cigarette smoke extract on total motility of spermatozoa separated by swim-up from 13 healthy, non-smoking, normozoospermic men. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2009 19, 564-571DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.05.004) Copyright © 2009 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd, Duck End Farm, Dry Drayton, Cambridge CB23 8DB, UK Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Time-course and dose–response of the effects of cigarette smoke extract on spermatozoa with low mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) separated by swim-up from 13 healthy, non-smoking, normozoospermic men. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2009 19, 564-571DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.05.004) Copyright © 2009 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd, Duck End Farm, Dry Drayton, Cambridge CB23 8DB, UK Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Time-course and dose–response of the effects of cigarette smoke extract on the chromatin integrity of spermatozoa separated by swim-up from 13 healthy, non-smoking, normozoospermic men. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2009 19, 564-571DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.05.004) Copyright © 2009 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd, Duck End Farm, Dry Drayton, Cambridge CB23 8DB, UK Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Time-course and dose–response of the effects of cigarette smoke extract on phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization of spermatozoa separated by swim-up from 13 healthy, non-smoking, normozoospermic men. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2009 19, 564-571DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.05.004) Copyright © 2009 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd, Duck End Farm, Dry Drayton, Cambridge CB23 8DB, UK Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Time-course and dose–response of the effects of cigarette smoke extract on DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa separated by swim-up from 13 healthy, non-smoking, normozoospermic men. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2009 19, 564-571DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.05.004) Copyright © 2009 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd, Duck End Farm, Dry Drayton, Cambridge CB23 8DB, UK Terms and Conditions